永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制的研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 06:17

本文关键词： 永磁同步电机电流补偿模型参考自适应无速度传感器　出处：《西南交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：永磁同步电动机有着高效率、大转矩、体积小等优点,因此在交流传动、伺服控制中受到广泛的应用。在电机调速系统中,使用光电编码器来采集转速信息。但是采用机械装置会增加系统的成本。因此无速度传感器控制方案成为永磁同步电机研究的热点之一。本文通过对模型参考自适应理论的研究,设计了一种基于模型参考自适应理论的高精度永磁同步电机无速度传感器矢量控制算法。本文首先介绍了永磁同步电机无速度传感器的主流控制方法以及永磁同步电机变频调速方法。对永磁同步电机在三种不同坐标系下的数学模型进行了详细分析；对永磁同步电机基于转子磁场定向矢量控制进行了深入的研究；针对电流环采用的传统PI调节器动态性能不足的缺点,设计了一种基于电流补偿的改进型PI调节器。通过对比使用两种不同调节器的矢量控制仿真结果表明,采用电流补偿的PI调节器可使永磁同步电机具有更好的动态性能、抗干扰能力更强,验证了改进型PI调节器的正确性。其次,开展了永磁同步电机无速度传感器理论的详细研究,在仿真软件中对模型参考自适应方式的速度识别搭建了仿真模型。仿真分析了永磁同步电机无速度传感器矢量控制在不同工况下以及定子参数变化下的速度辨识特性及电机运行性能,通过与有速度传感器的仿真对比,结果表明基于模型参考自适应理论设计的转子速度识别方法其转速及转矩性能优良,验证了算法的可行性与优越性。但是该速度识别方法会受到电机定子电阻影响,并且降低电机系统的响应。最后,基于永磁同步电机实验平台对有速度传感器及无速度传感器矢量控制进行实验研究。通过对控制器的软件和硬件调试与改进,对比了两种控制方法下的电机转速响应波形,验证了所设计的永磁同步电机无速度传感器方案的正确性及可靠性。
[Abstract]:Permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of high efficiency , large torque , small volume , etc . It is widely used in AC drive and servo control . This paper first introduces the main control method of the sensorless speed sensorless of the permanent magnet synchronous motor and the variable frequency speed control method of the permanent magnet synchronous motor . In this paper , the mathematical model of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in three different coordinate systems is analyzed in detail . A new type of PI regulator based on current compensation is designed for the defects of insufficient dynamic performance of the traditional PI regulator adopted by the current loop . Secondly , a detailed study of the sensorless theory of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is carried out . The simulation model is set up for the speed recognition of the model reference adaptive method in the simulation software . The simulation results show that the speed and torque performance of the rotor speed identification method based on the model reference adaptive theory are good , and the feasibility and the superiority of the algorithm are verified . However , the speed identification method is influenced by the stator resistance of the motor and the response of the motor system is reduced . In the end , based on the experiment platform of the permanent magnet synchronous motor , the vector control of the speed sensor and the sensorless vector is experimentally studied . Through the software and hardware debugging and improvement of the controller , the speed response waveform of the motor under the two control methods is compared , and the correctness and reliability of the design of the sensorless scheme of the permanent magnet synchronous motor are verified .

【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM341

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