基于FAST软件的大型风力发电机组系统建模与控制研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 00:15

本文关键词： 风力发电机组 FAST 控制策略独立变桨　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年来风力发电机发展趋势是越来越大型化，塔架越来越高。三叶片的风力发电机组存在水平风速梯度与垂直风速梯度，导致风速在风轮扫掠面上不均匀分布，各个叶片上的速度矢量三角形将不相等；使风轮在旋转过程中所受的气动力中心处于变动状态下，从而给风轮造成交变载荷。同时由于风速的大小和方向在时刻变化，湍流、阵风等都对风轮产生激振力，，这些都是造成风力机疲劳载荷的主要来源；由于风力发电机功率越来越大，结构也越来越大，国产化风力发电机振动问题越来越突出。风力发电场附近居民对风力发电机组产生振动噪声烦扰的投诉、申告也越来越多，甚至威胁到风力发电机的正常国产产业化。因此，本文对减小风力发电机组因三个叶片受力不均导致的疲劳载荷及振动问题做了相应的研究。论文主要以某兆瓦级风力发电机组为研究对象，应用美国可再生能源实验研发的一款集风力机设计与载荷计算于一体的软件FAST对风力机进行建模、仿真，并用FAST软件与Matlab7.1/Simulink进行联合仿真，在Simulink中采用现代控制策略，仿真结果表明论文中所提出的控制算法是有效的。本论文主要结构内容有以下几章：第一章：绪论。主要介绍了本论文研究的背景，对国内外风力发电机组现状及其发展趋势做了介绍。第二章：介绍了本课题FAST软件应用到的风力发电机组的基础理论知识：叶素动量理论、GDW理论、结构动力学，FAST软件构架。第三章：介绍了风力发电机组整机经典模型以及风速模型，运用FAST软件对风力发电机组建模，将其仿真结果与权威软件Bladed仿真结果进行对比，验证FAST软件可行性。第四章：介绍了变速变桨风力发电机组的基本运行区域和控制系统，分析了风机在额定风速以下的控制策略，额定风速以上的控制策略。第五章：运用现代控制方法实现风力发电机组的变速变桨控制，基于FAST和MATLAB7.1/Simulink的风力发电机组控制器设计，在Simulink中搭建模型，实现风力发电机组的独立变桨控制，应用独立变桨控制策略来减小因三叶片受力不均导致的疲劳载荷问题。仿真结果表明该控制策略是有效的。第六章：结论与展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the development trend of wind turbine is becoming larger and larger, and the tower is higher and higher. The horizontal and vertical wind speed gradient exists in the wind turbine with three blades, which leads to the uneven distribution of wind speed on the swept surface of wind turbine. The velocity vector triangles on each blade will not be equal; the aerodynamic center of the wind wheel will be in a variable state during the rotation process, thus creating an alternating load on the wind turbine. At the same time, because the magnitude and direction of the wind speed are changing at all times, the turbulence, Wind gusts and so on all produce exciting force to the wind turbine, these are the main source of the wind turbine fatigue load; because the power of the wind turbine is increasing, the structure is also getting bigger and bigger. The vibration problem of the domestic wind turbine is becoming more and more serious. The residents in the vicinity of the wind farm complain more and more about the vibration and noise disturbance caused by the wind turbine, and even threaten the normal domestic industrialization of the wind turbine. In this paper, the problem of reducing the fatigue load and vibration of wind turbine due to the uneven force of three blades is studied. In this paper, a megawatt wind turbine is used as the research object. A software FAST, which integrates wind turbine design and load calculation, is used to model and simulate the wind turbine. The simulation results show that the control algorithm proposed in this paper is effective. The main structure of this paper is as follows:. Chapter one: introduction. This paper introduces the background of this paper, and introduces the current situation and development trend of wind turbine at home and abroad. Chapter 2: the basic theoretical knowledge of wind turbine applied in FAST software is introduced: the momentum theory of blade element and the structure dynamics of fast software. Chapter 3: the classic wind turbine model and wind speed model are introduced. FAST software is used to model the wind turbine. The simulation results are compared with the authoritative Bladed simulation results to verify the feasibility of FAST software. Chapter 4th: introduces the basic operation area and control system of variable speed variable propeller wind turbine, analyzes the control strategy of fan under rated wind speed, and the control strategy above rated wind speed. Chapter 5th: using the modern control method to realize the variable speed variable propeller control of the wind turbine, the controller design of the wind turbine based on FAST and MATLAB7.1/Simulink, build the model in the Simulink, realize the independent variable propeller control of the wind turbine, The independent variable propeller control strategy is applied to reduce the fatigue load caused by the uneven force on the three blades. The simulation results show that the control strategy is effective. Chapter 6th: conclusions and prospects.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM315

【引证文献】