一种三相异步电动机节能控制器的研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 15:13

本文关键词： 晶闸管交流调压节能控制器异步电动机　出处：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会与经济的发展，人类对于能源的需求越来越大，如何更好地实现节能减排，已成为全世界关注的话题。异步电动机在日常生活，尤其是工业生产中扮演着非常重要的角色，是电能的主要消耗者。在实际应用中，由于各种原因，，异步电动机经常运行在空载或轻载的状况下，此状况下电机功率因数低、效率低、造成较大的电能浪费。因此，研制一款实用的异步电动机节能控制器，对降低能耗、减少企业生产成本具有十分重要的现实意义。论文首先从理论上分析了对电动机进行交流调压节能的原理。在此基础上，利用晶闸管的可关断特性，提出不测量电压和电流相位，只测量电压电流过零点时间差来确定功率因数的方法，进而确定以功率因数作为控制变量，以触发角作为输出变量的控制方案。在Matlab上搭建了异步电动机节能控制器的仿真模型并对结果进行了分析。之后，对节能控制器的硬件和软件分别进行了设计。硬件设计包括主要元器件的选型、电压同步信号电路、电流过零点检测电路以及晶闸管触发电路等的设计，主控制芯片选择的是STM32。软件设计包括了嵌入式实时操作系统c/os-II的搭建与移植、电压电流过零点检测子程序、触发角计算与调整子程序和晶闸管触发脉冲发送子程序等的设计。最后，搭建了实验平台，进行了相关的测试。实验波形和实验数据表明，本文设计的节能控制系统实现了所要求的控制功能，取得了较好的节能效果。对经常处于空载或者轻载，尤其是周期性负载条件下的异步电动机节能效果最佳。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and economy, the demand for energy is increasing. How to achieve better energy saving and emission reduction has become a topic of concern all over the world. Especially in industrial production, it plays a very important role and is the main consumer of electric energy. In practical application, asynchronous motor often runs in the condition of no load or light load for various reasons, in which the power factor of the motor is low. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a practical energy saving controller for asynchronous motors to reduce energy consumption and reduce the production cost of enterprises. In this paper, the principle of AC voltage regulation and energy saving for motor is analyzed theoretically. Based on this, the non-measurement of voltage and current phase is proposed by using the turn-off characteristic of thyristor. The method of determining the power factor only by measuring the time difference between voltage and current over 00:00, and then determining the power factor as the control variable. Based on the control scheme with trigger angle as output variable, the simulation model of energy saving controller for asynchronous motor is built on Matlab and the results are analyzed. After that, the hardware and software of the energy saving controller are designed respectively. The hardware design includes the selection of main components, the voltage synchronous signal circuit, the current detection circuit after 00:00 and the thyristor trigger circuit, etc. The main control chip is STM32.The software design includes the construction and transplantation of the embedded real-time operating system c / r / os-II, the subroutine of detecting voltage and current over 00:00, the subroutine of calculating and adjusting the trigger angle and the design of the thyristor trigger pulse sending subroutine, etc. Finally, the experimental platform is built, and the relevant tests are carried out. The experimental waveforms and experimental data show that the energy saving control system designed in this paper achieves the required control functions. The best energy saving effect is obtained for asynchronous motor, which is usually in the condition of no load or light load, especially under periodic load.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM343.2

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