基于FPGA的永磁机构智能控制器的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-03-02 23:12

本文选题：永磁机构　切入点：现场可编程门阵列　出处：《中南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：断路器是电力系统中的重要设备,在电力系统线路及设备的保护中担任着极其重要的角色。永磁机构的出现为断路器实现智能化操作及高可靠提供了物质基础,永磁机构控制器的作用是使配永磁机构断路器在最佳时机分合闸,可以大大减小合闸涌流和分闸过电压。永磁机构控制器采用分立元件设计,全硬件实现,但功能少、性能受限、电路复杂、缺乏灵活性；采用单片机设计,存在飞程序问题,即CPU的指令地址指针在外部干扰下,这种模式容易发生指令脱离正常轨道使运行陷入不可预测的非法循环中,为减少这一问题的发生,需要付出很大的硬件和软件开销；采用FPGA是以纯硬件的方式实现全部的电子控制功能,没有任何软件控制,把一个线路系统放在一片很小的芯片里面,以芯片代替电路板,这个特点非常适合永磁操动机构的控制,是一个先进而可靠的方案。本文在对介绍了课题的研究背景和国内外研究现状的基础上,分析了永磁机构断路器的工作原理、分类及其智能控制器的智能选相开关控制技术,比较了传统MCU处理器、DSP处理器及以FPGA为核心处理器的控制方式的异同点,论证了设计基于FPGA的永磁机构断路器智能控制器方案的可行性并制定了总体设计方案。以FPGA为控制器核心处理器,加强了硬件结构的灵活性,使得多种控制算法以及外设集成在片上系统,提高了智能控制器的性能和功能扩展性,控制器在硬件以及软件方面均采用了模块化设计,在完成对永磁机构控制的基本功能之外,加入了通信模块、人机接口模块等,让控制器的数据实时性和可操作性大大的提升,在软件方面,核心控制程序采用了硬件描述语言进行编程,并用Matlab进行了分合闸模块进行了理想化建模仿真,详细介绍了控制器各个模块的设计原理及其功能实现。最后,在课题组实验室调试环境下,对永磁机构智能控制器,进行了调试和试验。试验结果显示,本文设计的控制器可完成预期功能,达到预期性能指标。图39幅,表5个,参考文献70篇
[Abstract]:Circuit breaker is an important equipment in power system, which plays an extremely important role in the protection of power system circuit and equipment. The appearance of permanent magnet mechanism provides material foundation for the circuit breaker to realize intelligent operation and high reliability. The function of the permanent magnet mechanism controller is to make the circuit breaker with permanent magnet mechanism switch off at the best time, which can greatly reduce the inrush current and over-voltage of the switch. The controller of the permanent magnet mechanism is designed by discrete elements and realized by the whole hardware, but the function is less. The performance is limited, the circuit is complex, and the flexibility is not enough. The design of single chip computer has the problem of flying program, that is, the instruction address pointer of CPU is interfered with by external interference. This kind of mode is easy to occur instruction is out of track and makes the operation into an unpredictable illegal cycle. In order to reduce the occurrence of this problem, we need to pay a lot of hardware and software overhead; FPGA is used to realize all electronic control functions in a pure hardware way. Without any software control, a circuit system is placed in a very small chip and a chip is used instead of a circuit board. This feature is very suitable for the control of permanent magnet actuator and is an advanced and reliable scheme. On the basis of introducing the research background of the subject and the current research situation at home and abroad, the working principle, classification and intelligent phase selection switch control technology of the permanent magnet mechanism circuit breaker are analyzed in this paper. The similarities and differences between the traditional MCU processor and the control mode with FPGA as the core processor are compared. The feasibility of designing the intelligent controller of permanent magnet mechanism circuit breaker based on FPGA is demonstrated and the overall design scheme is worked out. The flexibility of hardware structure is enhanced by using FPGA as the core processor of controller. Various control algorithms and peripherals are integrated into the system on the chip, which improves the performance and function expansibility of the intelligent controller. The controller adopts modularization design in both hardware and software. In addition to the basic functions of permanent magnet mechanism control, the communication module and man-machine interface module are added to improve the real-time and maneuverability of the controller. The core control program is programmed with the hardware description language, and the ideal modeling simulation is carried out with Matlab. The design principle and function realization of each module of the controller are introduced in detail. Finally, the intelligent controller of permanent magnet mechanism is debugged and tested in the laboratory debugging environment of the research group. The experimental results show that the controller designed in this paper can accomplish the expected function and achieve the expected performance index. 70 references
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM561;TN791

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