电动汽车感应电机滑模变结构控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 05:08

本文选题：电动汽车　切入点：感应电机　出处：《河北工业大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电动汽车的核心控制部分是电机及其电驱动控制系统，它的性能直接影响了电动汽车的各项运行指标。本文根据电动汽车电驱动控制系统的性能要求，研究了电动汽车感应电机的无速度传感器矢量控制系统。在感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统中，匹配的电机参数是转速和磁链精确估计的前提，估计精度直接影响了控制系统的性能。为了提高估计精度，增强控制系统对参数波动的鲁棒性，本文研究了一种基于滑模观测器的转子速度和转子时间常数在线辨识技术。首先通过分析感应电机在两相静止正交坐标系中的状态方程，推导出含有相同耦合项的定子电流和转子磁链状态方程。然后利用滑模控制函数替代定子电流和转子磁链方程中的相同耦合项，实现了在两相静止参考坐标系中的定子电流和转子磁链方程解耦。最后利用滑动模态的稳定条件推导了滑模控制函数的增益，利用低通滤波器和等价函数对转子磁链、转子速度和转子时间常数进行了在线估计。为了既能削弱滑模控制高频抖动又能加快滑模变量趋近滑模面的速度，本文研究了一种自适应滑模控制增益的滑模电流控制器。控制器根据扰动信号自动调整滑模控制函数增益，不需要大量计算扰动信号的界限。当滑动变量远离滑模面时能够自动增加滑模控制函数增益，加快趋近滑模面的速度，改进其动态性能。当滑动变量靠近滑模面时，能够自动减小滑模控制函数增益，削弱滑模面上的高频抖动。利用李亚普诺夫稳定定理，分析了自适应滑模控制器的稳定性。为了提高电动汽车的续航里程，改善矢量控制系统的轻载低效问题，研究了一种超螺旋滑模变结构感应电机效率优化控制技术。在两相静止参考坐标系中建立了考虑铁损的感应电机损耗模型，，利用函数求极值的方法求解了损耗最小的磁链。将转子速度和磁链作为优化目标，设计了超螺旋滑模控制器。利用李亚普诺夫稳定定理，对滑模控制器进行了稳定性分析，推导了滑模控制器的增益。滑动模态收敛到滑模面时，转子实际速度跟踪到设定速度，转子磁链跟踪到最优磁链。在TMS320LF2812数字处理芯片的全数字化实验平台上，对定子电流滑模观测器和自适应增益的滑模控制器进行了实验分析研究，实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。
[Abstract]:The core control part of electric vehicle is the motor and its electric drive control system. Its performance directly affects the running indexes of electric vehicle. According to the performance requirements of electric vehicle electric drive control system, The speed sensorless vector control system of induction motor of electric vehicle is studied. In the speed sensorless vector control system of induction motor, the matching parameters of the motor is the premise of accurate estimation of speed and flux chain. The estimation accuracy directly affects the performance of the control system. In this paper, an on-line identification technique for rotor speed and rotor time constant based on sliding mode observer is studied. Firstly, the state equation of induction motor in two-phase static orthogonal coordinate system is analyzed. The state equations of stator current and rotor flux with the same coupling term are derived, and then the sliding mode control function is used to replace the same coupling term in the stator current and rotor flux equation. The stator current and rotor flux equations are decoupled in two-phase static reference coordinate system. Finally, the gain of sliding mode control function is derived by using the stability condition of sliding mode, and the rotor flux is obtained by using low-pass filter and equivalent function. Rotor velocity and rotor time constant are estimated online. In order to reduce the high frequency jitter of sliding mode control and accelerate the speed of sliding mode variable approaching sliding mode surface, In this paper, a sliding mode current controller with adaptive sliding mode control gain is studied. The controller automatically adjusts the gain of sliding mode control function according to the disturbance signal. When the sliding variable is far from the sliding mode surface, the sliding mode control function gain can be increased automatically, the speed of approaching the sliding mode surface can be accelerated, and the dynamic performance of the sliding mode surface can be improved. When the sliding variable is near the sliding mode surface, The gain of sliding mode control function can be reduced automatically and the high frequency jitter on sliding mode surface can be weakened. The stability of adaptive sliding mode controller is analyzed by using Lyapunov stability theorem. In order to improve the mileage of electric vehicle and the low efficiency of vector control system, An optimal efficiency control technique for superspiral sliding mode variable structure induction motor is studied. A loss model of induction motor considering iron loss is established in a two-phase static reference coordinate system. The minimum loss flux is solved by the method of calculating the extremum of the function. The superspiral sliding mode controller is designed with rotor speed and flux chain as the optimization object. The stability of the sliding mode controller is analyzed by using Lyapunov stability theorem. The gain of the sliding mode controller is derived. When the sliding mode converges to the sliding mode surface, the actual speed of the rotor is tracked to the set speed, and the rotor flux is tracked to the optimal flux. The stator current sliding mode observer and the adaptive gain sliding mode controller are experimentally analyzed on the full digital experimental platform of TMS320LF2812 digital processing chip. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
【学位授予单位】：河北工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM346;U469.72

【相似文献】