基于提高用能效率的分布式电源优化及孤岛划分方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 15:47

本文选题：分布式电源　切入点：微电网　出处：《太原理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：全球面临能源日益减少和环境污染日益严重等问题将随着智能电网这一新型电力产业的提出和不断发展逐渐得以解决,同时也加快了可再生能源的开发进程。分布式电源(Distributed Generation,DG)作为智能电网的一大特色,具有建设周期短、安装地点灵活多变、可靠性高、能源利用率高、清洁环保等特点。微网(Micro-grid)作为分布式电源的有效载体,能够充分发挥DG的优点,进一步提高电力系统运行的经济性、灵活性和清洁性,更好地满足用户侧对电能质量和供电可靠性的要求。DG并网后由于其类型、位置、容量的不同会直接影响微电网的潮流分布,主要体现在能源的梯级利用率、电网规划成本、供电可靠性、电能质量、网络损耗和继电保护等方面。引入分布式发电技术后的微电网中出现了一种新运行方式即孤岛运行,配电网作为智能电网中一类复杂典型的网络,当配电网与大电网因某种原因断开连接后需要结合孤岛划分方法合理平滑地过渡到计划孤岛状态,才能在真正意义上充分利用分布式电源实现配电网结构优化。本文就对以上两个方面进行了研究,主要研究工作如下： (1)研究了多种分布式电源模型,包含微型燃气轮机(Micro-turbine Generator,MT)、风力发电机(Wind-turbine Generator, WG)、光伏发电(Photovoltaic, PV)三种分布式电源以及储能电池(Storage Battery, SB)。 (2)在分布式电源单个容量确定、个数和位置不确定的情况下,建立以用户侧的投资运行成本和网络损耗费用最小为优化目标函数,结合费用的重要程度设置不同的权重系数,建立多目标优化模型,采用蚁群优化算法(Ant Colony Optimization, ACO)对函数进行求解得到分布式电源并网的优化位置和容量,并应用于30节点配电测试系统,得到DG接入后的优化方案。算例分析表明,所用方法可以得到较为合理的方案,并可有效地降低系统网损、节点电压偏差,提高需求侧的经济效益和电能质量。 (3)在利用蚁群优化算法得出分布式电源并网后的位置和容量优化结果的基础上,提出了基于优化结果并考虑用户侧需求的孤岛划分方案。该方案加入需求侧的负荷重要度,将分布式电源的电能优先提供给重要负荷,保证重要负荷的不间断供电,并将剩余的电能提供给次要负荷。因为存在多种融合的组合方式,在这种情况下需要结合目标函数和约束条件,选出最终最适合用户要求的优化孤岛方案。本文以分布式电源优化并网后的30节点配电系统为算例进行了验证,结果表明,在DG优化并网的配电系统发生故障后,可以合理的生成针对需求侧最优的孤岛运行方案,融合单元内的负荷和发电量之间可以达到较高的适配程度,有效地提高了系统的供电可靠性和自愈能力。
[Abstract]:With the development and development of smart grid, the global problems such as decreasing energy sources and increasing environmental pollution will be solved gradually. At the same time, it also speeds up the development of renewable energy. As a major feature of smart grid, distributed Generation DGG has the advantages of short construction period, flexible installation location, high reliability and high energy efficiency. As an effective carrier of distributed power supply, Micro-grid can give full play to the advantages of DG and further improve the economy, flexibility and cleanliness of power system. Better meet the user side requirements for power quality and reliability. DG will directly affect the distribution of power flow due to its type, location and capacity, mainly reflected in the cascade utilization of energy, network planning costs. Power supply reliability, power quality, network loss and relay protection. After the introduction of distributed generation technology, a new operation mode, isolated island operation, appears in microgrid. Distribution network is a kind of complex and typical network in smart grid. When the distribution network and the large power network are disconnected for some reason, it is necessary to make a reasonable and smooth transition to the planned islanding state by combining the islanding method. In order to make full use of distributed generation to realize the distribution network structure optimization in real sense, this paper has carried on the research to the above two aspects, the main research work is as follows:. 1) several distributed power generation models are studied, including micro-turbine generator MTG, wind-turbine generator, WGT, photovoltaic photovoltaics (PVV) and storage Battery, SBN. 2) when the single capacity of distributed power supply is determined, the number and position of the distributed power source are uncertain, and the minimum cost of investment and network loss on the user side is taken as the optimal objective function, and different weight coefficients are set up in combination with the importance of the cost. A multi-objective optimization model is established. Ant Colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to solve the function to obtain the optimal position and capacity of distributed power supply. The model is applied to a 30-bus distribution test system. The optimization scheme after DG access is obtained. The example analysis shows that the method can get more reasonable scheme, and can effectively reduce the system network loss, node voltage deviation, and improve the economic efficiency and power quality of the demand side. 3) on the basis of the results of location and capacity optimization of distributed power supply by using ant colony optimization algorithm, an island partition scheme based on optimization results and considering user side requirements is proposed, which adds the load importance of demand side to the scheme. Priority is given to the distribution of electricity to important loads, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to important loads, and the remaining energy is provided to secondary loads. In this case, we need to combine the objective function and the constraint conditions to select the optimal islanding scheme which is the most suitable for the users. This paper takes the 30-node distribution system with distributed power supply optimization as an example, and the results show that, After the fault of the DG optimized grid-connected distribution system, the optimal islanding operation scheme for the demand side can be generated reasonably, and the load and power generation in the fusion unit can reach a higher adaptation level. The power supply reliability and self-healing ability of the system are improved effectively.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM61;TM73

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