主动配电网PWM变流器动态高品质控制方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 11:47

本文选题：PWM变流器　切入点：直接功率控制　出处：《广西大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着能源压力加大和环保意识的提升,风力发电、光伏发电等可再生能源发电比重不断增加,高渗透率下新能源发电的不间断随机接入给配电网带来新的挑战。主动配电网是实现大规模间歇式新能源并网运行控制、电网与充放电设备互动、智能配用电等电网分析与运行关键技术的有效解决方案。然而,主动配电网还处在发展阶段,尚有许多亟待解决的理论问题和技术问题。如何研制相关智能电力设备并进行电压调节、无功补偿、谐波治理和可再生能源转换和接入成为电力电子设备层面的突出问题。本文针对主动配电网背景下电能质量和电能转换的共性关键技术问题进行研究,以脉冲宽度调制(pulse width modulation, PWM)变流器为研究对象,以实现动态和高品质控制效果为研究目的,进行了数学建模和功率分析、信号检测、控制方法研究、实验平台研制和数字信号处理器(digital signal processor, DSP)控制系统实现。完成从理论分析、仿真研究、实验验证到具体程序的代码实现,以便为主动配电网相关智能电力设备研制提供相应的理论保证和技术支撑。全文主要工作如下： 1)建立数学模型和进行功率分析计算。采用开关函数描述法建立三相电压型PWM变流器在abc静止坐标系下的数学模型。由瞬时功率理论得到abc静止坐标系下功率计算公式；利用坐标变换方法,分析得到等量变换和等功率变换αβ止坐标系和dq同步旋转坐标系下的功率计算。 2)针对单相系统电压暂降和电压定向信号的检测,提出一种新型检测方法。根据单相交流电压信号离散数据,利用相线电压相量关系,通过移相角度30°虚构出三相电压信号。本文提出的检测方法幅值变化延时仅为电网工频周期的1/12,理论延时为1.67ms,与目前延时3.33ms的瞬时电压dq分解法和延时5.Oms的αβ测法相比,实时性进一步提高。三相系统采用此方法,可减少交流电压检测的传感器数量,降低系统设计成本。给出了具体实现方法和仿真结果。 3)提出一种新型准直接功率控制方法。从PWM控制的基本原理出发,对传统直接功率控制开关表调制机理进行深入分析,对其开关表调节有功功率和无功功率能力作出解释,分析选择不同零矢量的原因,并指出基于开关表结构的功率滞环控制的不足。针对PWM变流器主要实现整流和逆变功能,从电力系统瞬时有功功率和无功功率控制的角度,提出一种新型准直接功率控制策略。采用内环定频,外环功率的结构,满足功率流向控制的同时兼顾电流内环保护。同时给出控制器参数设计方法和控制仿真结果,仿真结果表明实现PWM变流器的动态高品质控制目标。 4)提出基于abc坐标下的PWM变流器自然坐标控制方法,包括直接电流控制方法,无交流电压传感器控制方法和直接功率控制方法。由电压传感器采集交流侧三相电源经计算得到有功单位分量和无功单位分量实现矢量控制效果。对PWM变流器交流侧的相电压直接进行工程积分代替传统的微分方法,获得每相磁链的近似值,通过相电压估算和磁链估算模块实现无交流电压传感器控制。按照新型准直接功率控制策略的思想,采用功率外环电流内环的方法,完成基于自然坐标下的直接功率控制。本文提出的基于自然坐标的控制方法,不需要进行坐标变换和三角函数计算,物理概念清晰。给出PWM变流器基于自然坐标控制方法的稳态和动态仿真结果,仿真结果表明实现PWM变流器的动态高品质控制目标。 5)为进行实验研究,按照V模式开发流程基于dSPACE核心平台研制了PWM变流器实时控制综合平台。设计了主电路、测量电路、驱动电路、故障检测和保护电路、电源电路等具体电路。进行了配电网静止同步补偿器(distribution static synchronous compensator, DSTATCOM)、动态电压恢复器(dynamic voltage restorer, DVR)、统一电能质量调节器(unified power quality conditioner, UPQC)等配电网电能质量控制实验和PWM变流器整流、逆变电能转换实验。给出相应的动静态实验测试结果,与仿真结果相符,算法比较实验表明本文提出的控制算法进一步提高了系统的动静态特性,实验结果表明实现PWM变流器的动态高品质控制目标。 6)研制了基于DSP控制的PWM变流器控制系统。采用32位高性能处理器TMS320F2812,研制了50kvar容量的DSTATCOM实验样机,给出详细的实现过程、实验测试和实验结果。本文的仿真结果和实验结果表明,所提出的信号检测方法和PWM变流器控制方法,具有较好的实时检测性能和控制性能,对研究电能质量控制器和电能转换系统可起到一定的理论保证和技术支撑作用,系统设计也可为研制相关智能电力设备提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the increasing pressure of energy and environmental awareness, wind power, solar power and other renewable energy power generation increasing the proportion of new energy power generation, high permeability under continuous random access brings new challenges to the active distribution network. Distribution network is to achieve large-scale intermittent operation of new energy grid control, power grid and charging and discharging equipment interaction, effective the solution of intelligent power grid operation analysis and key technology. However, the active power distribution network is still in the stage of development, there are still many theoretical problems and technical problems. How to develop the related intelligent power equipment and voltage regulation, reactive power compensation, harmonic control and renewable energy conversion and access has become a prominent problem in power electronic level the equipment. According to the background of active distribution network power quality and power conversion of the common key technologies of pulse Width modulation (pulse width modulation, PWM) converter as the research object, to achieve dynamic and quality control effect for the purpose of the study is analyzed, mathematical modeling and power signal detection, control method, experimental platform and digital signal processor (digital signal processor DSP) control system. From the theoretical analysis, simulation study and experimental verification to the specific program code, for active distribution network intelligent power equipment development to provide theoretical support and technical guarantee accordingly. The main work of this paper is as follows:
1) establish and power analysis model. Using the switch function to describe the established mathematical model of three-phase voltage type PWM converter in ABC coordinates system. The calculation formula of power ABC static coordinates obtained by the instantaneous power theory; using the method of coordinate transformation, the analysis to the equivalent transformation and power conversion of alpha and beta power check coordinate and DQ synchronous rotating coordinate calculation.
2) detection system for single-phase voltage sags and voltage directional signal, puts forward a new detection method based on discrete data. The single-phase AC voltage signal, the phase voltage phasor, by shifting the phase angle of 30 DEG. The fictitious three-phase voltage signal. The amplitude change detection method is proposed in this paper is only delay power frequency cycle 1/12. The theory of time delay is 1.67ms, compared with the current method of alpha and beta instantaneous voltage DQ delay 3.33ms decomposition and delay 5.Oms, real-time three-phase system further improved. Using this method, can reduce the number of sensors for detection of AC voltage, reduce the cost of system design. The implementation method is given and the simulation results.
3) proposed a novel quasi direct power control method. Based on the basic principle of PWM control, the traditional direct power control switch table modulation mechanism of in-depth analysis, to explain the switching table regulating active power and reactive power capacity, analysis of reasons for choosing different zero vectors, and pointed out the problems that the switching power hysteresis loop control based on the table structure. The PWM converter main rectifier and inverter, active power from the power system and the instantaneous reactive power control, proposed a novel quasi direct power control strategy. The inner structure of the outer ring fixed frequency, power, power flow control and meet both current and give protection. The parameters of the controller design method and simulation results, the simulation results show that the dynamic quality control objectives of PWM converter.
4) the ABC coordinates of the PWM converter control method based on the natural coordinates, including the direct current control method, AC voltage sensorless control method and direct power control method of voltage sensor. By collecting the AC side of the three-phase power supply unit by active component and reactive component units calculated for vector control. Direct differential method instead of integral engineering the traditional phase voltage of PWM converter AC side, get the approximate value of each phase flux, by phase voltage estimation and flux estimation module to realize AC voltage sensorless control. According to the new quasi direct power control strategy, using the method of power loop and current loop, complete the direct power control based on natural coordinate control. Methods the natural coordinates based on the need of coordinate transformation and trigonometric function calculation, clear physical concept is given PWM. The converter is based on the steady-state and dynamic simulation results of the natural coordinate control method, and the simulation results show that the dynamic high quality control target of the PWM converter is realized.
5) for experimental study, according to the V model development process dSPACE core platform is developed based on real-time control of PWM converter integrated platform. The main circuit design, measuring circuit, drive circuit, fault detection and protection circuit, power supply circuit and other specific circuit. The distribution network static synchronous compensator (distribution static synchronous compensator, DSTATCOM) dynamic voltage restorer (dynamic voltage, restorer, DVR), the unified power quality conditioner (unified power quality conditioner, UPQC) and the power quality control experiment and PWM converter, inverter power conversion experiment. Given the static and dynamic experiments of the corresponding test results, and the simulation results are consistent, comparative experiments show that the control algorithm the algorithm proposed in this paper to further improve the static and dynamic characteristics of the system, the experimental results show that the dynamic quality control objectives of PWM converter.
6) developed a PWM converter control system based on DSP control. Using the 32 bit high-performance processor TMS320F2812, the 50kvar capacity prototype of DSTATCOM was developed, and the detailed implementation process, experimental test and experimental results were given.
The simulation results and experimental results show that the signal detection method and the control of PWM converter with the proposed method, performance and control performance of real-time detection of good, quality controller and power conversion system has theoretical support and technical guarantee for the research of power system design, but also provide a reference for the development of the relevant intelligent electric power equipment.

【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM46

【参考文献】