基于FPGA的有源配电网实时仿真方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 05:07

本文选题：FPGA　切入点：有源配电网　出处：《天津大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：实时仿真系统是配电网技术创新、概念验证、算法测试、装备研发的重要平台与手段,而有源配电网实时仿真需要强大的计算能力以满足数字仿真的实时性。本文以当前备受关注的新型可编程逻辑器件FPGA为底层硬件,研究了有源配电系统实时仿真建模与系统设计方法,开发了基于FPGA的有源配电网实时仿真系统。论文具体工作如下:(1)结合有源配电网的实时仿真需求,提出了基于FPGA的有源配电网实时仿真系统整体框架,包括:提出了考虑系统级并行、模块级并行以及底层并行的电气系统多层级并行仿真框架和提出了基于节点分析法的模块级并行设计方法;发展了基于顺序求解的控制系统仿真框架,在该框架下考虑了系统级并行、结构级并行以及底层并行的多层级并行结构;提出了基于FPGA的适于实时仿真的电气和控制系统多速率接口方法。算例测试表明,该仿真框架表现出强大的并行性以及计算能力,能够满足小步长下的有源配电网实时仿真;(2)基于有源配电网的建模需求,提出了无源元件、线路、电源、断路器、测量元件等常规配电网元件的元件模块设计方法,研究了分布式发电系统的重要组成部分——电力电子变流器的实时仿真模型及其FPGA模块设计方法;提出了典型分布式电源以及控制器元件的FPGA模块设计方法;所有的元件模块设计均充分考虑了FPGA的高度并行性。算例表明,建模方法为高速仿真计算奠定了基础,并可达到各种商业软件的计算精度;(3)提出了基于FPGA的实时仿真器的详细硬件设计方法,包括仿真全局控制、电气系统求解、控制系统求解、电气和控制系统数据交互以及仿真结果输出5部分模块的设计方法,并具体阐述了这5部分功能模块的相互连接关系,各个模块的设计方式都充分发挥了FPGA的硬件并行性。设计了仿真器与外部物理设备的仿真接口,通过仿真测试验证了该仿真接口的有效性;(4)基于本文开发的实时仿真系统,实现了典型配电网络、光伏发电系统、光蓄发电系统以及含光伏发电系统的有源配电网的实时仿真算例测试,考察了它们在外部环境条件改变、系统故障及功率输出变化等情况下的暂态过程,并与商业电磁暂态仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC和商业实时仿真系统RTDS进行了对比,从仿真速度、仿真精度、仿真规模等方面验证了本文开发的实时仿真系统的正确性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Real-time simulation system is an important platform and means for distribution network technology innovation, concept verification, algorithm testing, equipment research and development. The real-time simulation of active distribution network needs powerful computing ability to meet the real-time performance of digital simulation. In this paper, a new programmable logic device, FPGA, is used as the underlying hardware. The real time simulation modeling and system design method of active distribution system are studied, and the real time simulation system of active distribution network based on FPGA is developed. An overall framework of real-time simulation system for active distribution network based on FPGA is proposed, including: considering system-level parallelism, The multilevel parallel simulation framework of electrical system based on module level parallel and bottom level parallel, and the module level parallel design method based on node analysis are proposed, and the simulation framework of control system based on sequential solution is developed. In this framework, system-level parallelism, structure-level parallelism and low-level parallel multilevel parallel structures are considered, and an electrical and control system multi-rate interface method based on FPGA is proposed. The simulation framework shows strong parallelism and computing ability, which can meet the needs of real-time simulation of active distribution network under small step size. Based on the modeling requirements of active distribution network, the passive components, lines, power supply, circuit breakers, and circuit breakers are proposed. The component module design method of conventional distribution network components such as measuring elements is studied. The real-time simulation model and FPGA module design method of power electronic converter, an important component of distributed generation system, are studied. The FPGA module design method of typical distributed power supply and controller components is proposed, and the high parallelism of FPGA is fully considered in all component module designs. The example shows that the modeling method lays a foundation for high-speed simulation calculation. The detailed hardware design method of real-time simulator based on FPGA is put forward, including global control of simulation, solution of electric system, solution of control system. The design method of five modules of electrical and control system data interaction and simulation result output is given, and the connection relationship of these five functional modules is expounded in detail. The hardware parallelism of FPGA is brought into full play in the design of each module. The simulation interface between simulator and external physical equipment is designed, and the validity of the simulation interface is verified by simulation tests) based on the real-time simulation system developed in this paper. A real time simulation example of typical distribution network, photovoltaic power generation system, optical storage power generation system and active distribution network with photovoltaic power generation system is implemented. Compared with commercial electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC and commercial real-time simulation system RTDS, the transient process of system fault and power output are compared. The validity and validity of the real-time simulation system developed in this paper are verified by the scale of simulation.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM743

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