分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机的若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 14:19

本文选题：永磁电机　切入点：分数槽集中绕组　出处：《华中科技大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机具有提高功率密度、降低齿槽转矩、提高容错能力的潜力,在风力发电、舰船推进和电动汽车等应用领域具有广阔的应用前景。近年来,国内外对此种永磁同步电机的研究主要集中在单个槽/极配合谐波分析、磁动势谐波引起的振动和附加损耗及抑制等方面。然而其绕组和磁路特性的特殊性,使得其参数和性能的分析、以及电磁设计与传统整数槽电机有所不同。本文以分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机为研究对象,针对其目前分析和设计中存在的若干问题,系统地展开研究。基于绕组理论系统地研究分数槽集中绕组谐波绕组系数及磁动势通用分析计算方法。详细分析大量槽/极配合,分别采用单层绕组和双层绕组时的绕组系数,总结绕组系数随槽/极配合的变化规律。特别地,研究改变并联支路数时谐波绕组系数的变化及其机理。然后对不同槽/极配合类型的磁动势进行分析,总结其谐波分布及其大小的规律。最后,以绕组系数、力波振动、齿槽转矩、损耗作为评价指标,综合比较几种槽/极配合类型的优缺点,并针对不同应用领域,给出推荐的槽/极配合。基于绕组函数推导表贴式和内置式分数槽集中绕组电机的电感解析计算公式,提出并详细推导不同槽/极配合的槽漏感计算公式,并通过有限元计算进行了对比验证。研究槽口尺寸对槽漏感的影响,并研究电流相位角对电感特性的影响。然后采用相量法、冻结磁导率法和差分磁链法对交-直轴电感进行了研究,对比研究几种电感计算方法的特点。对永磁电机的弱磁特性进行深入研究。以特征电流、凸极比、永磁磁链作为表征永磁电机弱磁能力的三个参数,研究其对弱磁特性的影响。深入研究分段永磁体内置式永磁电机去磁磁场对磁路饱和的影响,提出分段永磁体提高弱磁能力的机理。并通过对比研究分数槽集中绕组和整数槽分布绕组、永磁体分段和不分段内置式永磁电机的弱磁特性,验证本文提出的结论。深入研究电磁负荷对电磁振动和损耗的影响。在不同运行工况,通过改变电流幅值和电流角,能同时反映磁负荷和电负荷的变化。推导表贴式的气隙磁密解析计算公式,在此基础上分析力波大小随电磁负荷变化的规律；对于内置式,则采用有限元进行了分析。研究不同运行工况下电磁负荷改变对定子铁耗和永磁体涡流损耗的影响。结合电磁负荷对力波和损耗的影响,在较宽运行区间内综合评价电磁负荷选取的合理性。
[Abstract]:The fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has the potential of increasing power density, reducing tooth torque and improving fault tolerance. It has a wide application prospect in wind power generation, warship propulsion and electric vehicle applications in recent years. The research of PMSM at home and abroad is mainly focused on harmonic analysis of single slot / pole, vibration and additional loss caused by harmonic of magnetic EMF and suppression, etc. However, the characteristics of winding and magnetic circuit are special. The analysis of its parameters and performance, as well as the electromagnetic design is different from the traditional integer slot motor. In this paper, the fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous motor is taken as the research object, and some problems existing in its analysis and design are pointed out. The research is carried out systematically. Based on winding theory, the harmonic winding coefficient of fractional slot concentrated winding and the general analysis and calculation method of magnetodynamic potential are systematically studied. A large number of slot / pole matching is analyzed in detail, and the winding coefficients of single-layer winding and double-layer winding are used, respectively. The variation law of winding coefficient with slot / pole matching is summarized. In particular, the variation of harmonic winding coefficient and its mechanism are studied when the number of parallel branches is changed. Then the magnetodynamic potential of different slot / pole matching type is analyzed. Finally, taking winding coefficient, force wave vibration, tooth torque and loss as evaluation indexes, the advantages and disadvantages of several slot / pole matching types are comprehensively compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of several slot / pole matching types are compared. The recommended slot / pole fit is given. Based on the winding function, the inductance analytical formulas of the split-slot concentrated winding motor are derived, and the formulas of slot leakage inductance with different slot / pole matching are proposed and deduced in detail. The effect of slot size on slot leakage inductance and the effect of current phase angle on inductance characteristics are studied by finite element method, and then phasor method is used. The frozen permeability method and differential flux method are used to study the cross-straight axis inductance, and the characteristics of several inductance calculation methods are compared. The characteristic current, salient ratio and permanent magnetic flux linkage are used as the three parameters to characterize the weak magnetic ability of the permanent magnet motor (PMSM). The effect of demagnetization on magnetic circuit saturation of segmented permanent magnet built-in permanent magnet motor is studied. The mechanism of improving the weak magnetic ability of segmented permanent magnet is put forward, and the weak magnetic characteristics of segmented and unsegmented permanent magnet motor are studied by comparing the fractional slot concentrated winding and integer slot distributed winding, and the conclusion presented in this paper is verified. The effect of electromagnetic load on electromagnetic vibration and loss is deeply studied. By changing the current amplitude and current angle, the variation of magnetic load and electric load can be reflected at the same time under different operating conditions. An analytical formula for calculating air gap magnetic density is derived. On this basis, the variation of force wave size with electromagnetic load is analyzed. The effect of electromagnetic load change on stator iron loss and eddy current loss of permanent magnet under different operating conditions is analyzed by using finite element method, and combined with the effect of electromagnetic load on force wave and loss. The rationality of electromagnetic load selection is evaluated in a wide range.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM341

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