光伏发电自动跟踪及MPPT控制的研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 02:14

本文选题：光伏发电　切入点：光强检测跟踪　出处：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着当今世界能源短缺与环境污染问题的日益严重,可再生能源与清洁能源的利用越来越多地受到人们的重视。光伏发电就是对太阳能这种可再生能源直接而最有效的利用,因此研究提高太阳能光伏发电的转换效率及利用率具有非常重要的理论研究意义和实际价值。目前光伏发电面临的主要瓶颈是光伏电池的转换效率低以及单位面积接收的辐射量较少。为了提高太阳能的利用率及转换效率,本文提出了光强检测跟踪与视日轨迹跟踪相结合的跟踪方式。为了提高太阳能光伏发电的利用率,本文也对最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)技术进行了相关研究。首先,本文对光伏发电系统及光伏跟踪系统的现状、原理、算法和发展前景进行了详细的介绍。根据光伏跟踪的发展与研究历程,提出了一种以STC12C5A60S2单片机为控制器,采用了光强检测跟踪和视日轨迹跟踪相结合的跟踪方式。这种跟踪方式可以实现在垂直和水平两个方向对太阳光线进行跟踪,从而更加有效地增加了对太阳能的利用。本系统能够依据天气状况自动切换跟踪模式,在晴天时采用光强检测跟踪模式,而阴天则采用视日轨迹跟踪模式,在晚上系统不进行跟踪以减少系统的能耗。其次,本文对最大功率点跟踪的现状、原理、算法和发展前景进行了详细的介绍,对最大功率点跟踪常见的算法进行了分析与比较,并能在其基础上进行改进,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行建模和仿真。本文在软件设计方面采用了模块化的思想即将系统划分成几个子模块:光伏发电跟踪主程序、光强检测跟踪子程序、视日轨迹跟踪子程序、电机驱动子程序以及时钟子程序等。本文对硬件电路的设计进行了详细的阐述,最后对系统的各个模块以及整个系统进行了测试。测试结果表明实现了太阳位置的自动跟踪。本文也对光伏电池板进行了建模并进行了仿真,同时也对改进的最大功率点跟踪算法进行建模与仿真,并与传统的固定步长电导增量跟踪算法进行对比,验证了改进算法的可行性与正确性,实现了最大功率点的跟踪。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution in the world nowadays, people pay more and more attention to the utilization of renewable energy and clean energy. Photovoltaic power generation is the direct and most effective use of solar energy. Therefore, the research on improving the conversion efficiency and efficiency of solar photovoltaic power generation has very important theoretical research significance and practical value. At present, the main bottleneck of photovoltaic power generation is the low conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells and the unit surface. In order to improve the utilization and conversion efficiency of solar energy, In order to improve the utilization of solar photovoltaic power generation, the MPPTT technology of maximum power point tracking is also studied in this paper. First of all, in order to improve the efficiency of solar photovoltaic power generation, the maximum power point tracking (MPPTT) technology is also studied. In this paper, the current situation, principle, algorithm and development prospect of photovoltaic power generation system and photovoltaic tracking system are introduced in detail. According to the development and research history of photovoltaic tracking, a controller based on STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller is proposed. Using the combination of intensity detection and sun track tracking, this tracking method can track solar light in both vertical and horizontal directions. The system can automatically switch the tracking mode according to the weather conditions, and adopt the light intensity detection and tracking mode in sunny days, while the sun track tracking mode is used in cloudy days. In the evening, the system does not track to reduce the energy consumption of the system. Secondly, this paper introduces the current situation, principle, algorithm and development prospects of maximum power point tracking in detail, and analyzes and compares the common algorithms of maximum power point tracking. It can be improved on the basis of it, and modeled and simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. In software design, the system is divided into several sub-modules: photovoltaic power generation tracking main program, light intensity detection and tracking subroutine, in software design, the system is divided into several sub-modules: photovoltaic power generation tracking main program, light intensity detection and tracking subroutine. The track tracking subroutine, motor drive subroutine and clock subroutine are discussed in detail in this paper. Finally, each module of the system and the whole system are tested. The test results show that the automatic tracking of the solar position is realized. In this paper, the photovoltaic panel is also modeled and simulated. At the same time, the improved maximum power point tracking algorithm is modeled and simulated, and compared with the traditional fixed-step conductance incremental tracking algorithm, the feasibility and correctness of the improved algorithm are verified, and the maximum power point tracking is realized.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM615

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