D-A型分子材料的合成及其在有机太阳能电池中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-17 20:37

本文选题：聚合物太阳能电池　切入点：有机小分子太阳能电池　出处：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：由于有机太阳能电池制备简单、成本低以及可大面积制造的优点，已经在太阳能电池领域引起人们越来越多的兴趣。本论文系统的概述了聚合物和有机小分子这两类被广泛研究的有机太阳能电池材料。苯并二茚类材料是由多元稠环连接而成，因此具有优良的平面性以及较高的共轭程度，因而可以作为太阳电池给体材料中的给体单元。此外,苯并噻二唑（BT）也是被公认的最为有效的电子受体单元之一。本论文以十二烷氧基苯基取代的苯并二茚类材料（IDT）为给体单元，分别与同样具有给电子能力的三联噻吩（D）单元以及具有吸电子能力二噻吩苯并噻二唑(A)共聚，得到D-D型结构的共轭聚合物PIDT3T和D-A型结构的共轭聚合物PIDTDTBT。以此来研究这两种不同类型结构的聚合物在热稳定性、光物理、电化学以及光伏性能方面的差异，分别采用热失重分析（TGA）、紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-vis）、伏安循环（CV）等手段表征其性质。同时，本论文还将苯并二茚类材料（IDT）引入不同类型的侧链，正己基侧链（IDT-C6）和十二烷氧基侧链（IDT-OC12），并以此为核，与二联噻吩相连的苯并噻二唑偶联合成两类新型A-D-A结构的小分子BTIDT-C6和BTIDT-OC12，以此来探索侧链对分子的光物理、电化学以及光伏性能的影响。本论文通过实验得到的结论如下： 1.基于IDT单元的聚合物PIDTDTBT与聚合物PIDT3T都具有比较好的热稳定性，分解温度Td均超过了400℃。前者要比后者具有更宽的光谱吸收。此外，，PIDTDTBT的HOMO和LUMO能级分别为-5.30eV和-3.70eV，PIDT3T的HOMO和LUMO能级分别为-5.35eV和-3.55eV,能级带隙分别为1.60eV和1.80eV，前者要比后者具有更窄的能级带隙。在相同的测试条件下，模拟太阳光AM1.5，100mW/cm-2照射下，聚合物PIDTDTBT的光电转换效率要比PIDT3T高很多，分别为4.52%和3.26%。 2.基于IDT单元的不同侧链的两类小分子BTIDT-C6和BTIDT-OC12在紫外吸收以及电化学方面没有太大差异。其中，BTIDT-C6的HOMO和LUMO能级分别为-5.37eV和-3.71eV，BTIDT-OC12的HOMO和LUMO能级分别为-5.34eV和-3.73eV,电化学能级带隙分别为1.66eV和1.61eV。但是后者的熔点要比前者低很多，分别是69.4℃和110.2℃。在相同的测试条件下，模拟太阳光AM1.5，100mW/cm-2照射下，BTIDT-C6的光电转换效率要比BTIDT-OC12高20%左右，分别为4.83%和4.06%。对于场效应晶体管性能方面，小分子BTIDT-C6比BTIDT-OC12具有更高的空穴迁移率，分别为5.4×10-4cm2/Vs和1.1×10-4cm2/Vs。
[Abstract]:Organic solar cells have the advantages of simple fabrication, low cost and large area fabrication. In this paper, two kinds of organic solar cell materials, polymer and organic small molecules, have been widely studied. Therefore, because of its excellent flatness and high conjugation degree, it can be used as a donor unit in solar cell donor materials. In addition, benzothiadiazole (BTZ) is also recognized as one of the most effective electron receptor units. In this paper, 12 alkoxy phenyl substituted benzodidene was used as donor unit, which was copolymerized with trithiophene dithiophene D unit and dithiophene benzothiadiazole (A) unit, respectively. The conjugated polymer PIDT3T with D-D structure and PIDTDTBT with D-A structure were obtained to study the differences in thermal stability, photophysics, electrochemistry and photovoltaic properties of these two kinds of polymers. Their properties were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and voltammetry cyclic voltammetry (CVV). N-hexyl side chain IDT-C6) and 12 alkoxy side chain IDT-OC12 are used as the core to form two kinds of novel A-D-A structure small molecule BTIDT-C6 and BTIDT-OC12, so as to explore the photophysics of side chain pairs. The effects of electrochemistry and photovoltaic properties. The experimental results are as follows:. 1. Both polymer PIDTDTBT and polymer PIDT3T based on IDT unit have good thermal stability. In addition, the HOMO and LUMO levels of PIDT DTBT are -5.30eV and -3.70eV PIDT3T HOMO and LUMO energy levels are -5.35eV and -3.55eV respectively, the band gap is 1.60eV and 1.80eV, respectively. Has a narrower energy band gap. Under the same test conditions, The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of polymer PIDTDTBT is much higher than that of PIDT3T under simulated solar light irradiation of 100 MW / cm ~ (-2), which is 4.52% and 3.26, respectively. 2. There is no significant difference in UV absorption and electrochemistry between two kinds of small molecules BTIDT-C6 and BTIDT-OC12 based on different side chains of IDT unit, in which the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of TBIDT-C6 are -5.37eV and -3.71eV respectively. The HOMO and LUMO levels of BTIDT-OC12 are -5.34eV and -3.73eV, respectively. The band gap is 1.66 EV and 1.61 EV respectively, but the melting point of the latter is much lower than that of the former. Under the same test conditions, the photoconversion efficiency of BTIDT-C6 under simulated solar light irradiation was about 20% higher than that of BTIDT-OC12, 4.83% and 4.06, respectively. The hole mobility of BTIDT-C6 is higher than that of BTIDT-OC12, which is 5.4 脳 10 ~ (-4) cm ~ (-2) / Vs and 1.1 脳 10 ~ (-4) cm ~ (2 / V) respectively.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TQ25;TM914.4

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