基于三电平逆变器的无刷直流电机控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 10:43

本文选题：无刷直流电机　切入点：无位置传感器　出处：《中国矿业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来，无刷直流电机凭借着其优越的性能已经在汽车领域、家电应用、航空航天等其他工业领域占据重要地位。无刷直流电机的控制技术也发展的比较成熟。现在无刷直流电机的研究热点主要集中在三个方面：无位置传感器控制技术研究；转矩脉动控制研究；智能控制研究。而国内在这三个方面的研究主要针对的是中小功率的无刷直流电机。随着电力电子技术和永磁体材料技术的发展，无刷直流电机的功率越来越大，传统的两电平逆变电路将不在适合用来驱动大功率无刷直流电机。本文针对大功率无刷直流电机驱动控制的问题，提出了用中性点钳位型三电平逆变电路来代替两电平逆变电路的想法。然后根据三电平逆变器拓扑结构分析了其驱动无刷直流电机的控制原理和功率管的PWM调制方式。最后根据上面的理论在Matlab中对三电平逆变器驱动无刷直流电机的控制系统进行了仿真。仿真包括了有位置和无位置两种情况，其中无位置传感器控制模块不再采用传统的反电动势延迟30°的方法，而是采用线电压差值移相90°的方法，线电压差值法的优势在于其幅值大小是相电压的2-4倍，这使得无刷直流电机的调速范围更大。同时针对无刷直流电机无位置传感器启动难的问题，仿真中加入了三段式启动模块：转子预定位、转子预加速、状态切换，真实的模拟三电平逆变器驱动无刷直流电机的实际运行情况。仿真的结果与理论分析一致，，最后把三电平逆变器驱动无刷直流电机控制系统中的转速、转矩、电流的波形与两电平驱动电路进行了对比，证明了三电平逆变器驱动无刷直流电机的优越性。最后，本文采用TI公司的TMS320F28335数字处理器完成了三电平逆变器驱动无刷直流电机控制器硬件电路的设计，并在TI公司的DSP专用开发环境CCS3.3中对三电平逆变器驱动无刷直流电机的控制板进行软件编程与调试。实验结果验证了用三电平逆变电路驱动无刷直流电机的正确性和可行性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, brushless DC motor (BLDCM) has been applied in automobile and home appliance field by virtue of its superior performance. The control technology of brushless DC motor is also mature. Now the research focus of brushless DC motor is mainly focused on three aspects: position sensorless control technology research; Torque ripple control research; intelligent control research. The domestic research in these three areas is mainly aimed at the small and medium power brushless DC motor. With the development of power electronics and permanent magnet material technology, Since the power of brushless DC motor is increasing, the traditional two-level inverter circuit is not suitable for driving high power brushless DC motor. This paper aims at the problem of driving control of high power brushless DC motor. The idea of using neutral clamped three-level inverter instead of two-level inverter is put forward. Then, the control principle of brushless DC motor and the PWM modulation of power transistor are analyzed according to the topology of three-level inverter. Finally, according to the above theory, the control system of brushless DC motor driven by three-level inverter is simulated in Matlab. The position sensorless control module no longer adopts the traditional back-EMF delay method of 30 掳, but uses the linear voltage difference method to shift the phase 90 掳. The advantage of the linear voltage difference method is that its amplitude is 2-4 times that of the phase voltage. This makes the speed range of brushless DC motor wider. At the same time, aiming at the difficulty of position sensorless start-up of brushless DC motor, three-stage starting module is added in the simulation: rotor predetermined position, rotor pre-acceleration, state switching. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. Finally, the speed and torque of the control system of the brushless DC motor driven by the three-level inverter are analyzed. The current waveform is compared with the two-level drive circuit, and the advantages of the three-level inverter driving brushless DC motor are proved. Finally, the hardware circuit of the brushless DC motor controller driven by three-level inverter is designed by using TI's TMS320F28335 digital processor. The control board of brushless DC motor driven by three-level inverter is programmed and debugged in TI's DSP development environment CCS3.3. The experimental results verify the correctness and feasibility of using three-level inverter circuit to drive brushless DC motor.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM33

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