大型异步电动机智能软启动装置的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-03-22 20:55

本文选题：大型异步电动机　切入点：软启动　出处：《南京理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：交流异步电动机结构紧凑简单、运转高效可靠、维保经济方便,因而在电力拖动系统中得到了广泛的应用。作为工业生产中最为重要的驱动执行装置,其控制方式一向受到高度的重视。传统的启动方式,如：定子串电阻启动、Y-△启动、磁控式降压启动、自耦变压器启动等,存在启动电流与机械转矩冲击过大、综合性能与实用性不佳的问题。针对以上问题,论文设计并实现了大型异步电动机智能软启动装置,主要内容如下：首先,论文介绍了电机软启动的原理,并对软启动装置的控制核心和晶闸管进行选型；对软启动主电路拓扑、上位机系统和软启动系统总体结构进行了选择和设计。其次,选定软启动控制算法：在Matlab软件环境下,通过仿真获得软启动神经网络控制算法训练样本,并以同样的训练样本分别对BP与RBF神经网络算法进行训练,通过仿真结果选定启动算法。再次,对软启动装置电路进行设计：分别对晶闸管调压与触发环节电路、电压同步检测环节电路、电压与电流检测环节电路、电机转速测量环节电路进行设计和仿真,并对软启动装置进行总体仿真。然后,对DSP控制模块进行设计与制作：分别对DSP控制模块核心板、底板PCB进行设计,采用Ansoft Designer软件对核心板PCB手工布线前后的电磁兼容性能进行仿真分析,并完成底板PCB的硬件制作。最后,对上位机界面进行设计：应用LabVIEW软件对登陆界面、目录与串口设置界面、工作状态与软启动控制界面、历史数据查询与波形读取界面等共七个界面进行设计。综上所述：通过以上几个部分的设计,完成大型异步电动机智能软启动装置的设计与实现,为大型异步电动机的启动控制提供了参考。
[Abstract]:The AC asynchronous motor has been widely used in electric drive system because of its compact structure, high efficiency and reliability, convenient maintenance and economical maintenance, which is the most important driving and executing device in industrial production. The traditional startup methods, such as stator series resistance startup, magnetically controlled step-down startup, autotransformer startup, etc., have high starting current and mechanical torque impact. Aiming at the above problems, the paper designs and implements the intelligent soft start device of large asynchronous motor, the main contents are as follows:. Firstly, the paper introduces the principle of soft start of motor, and selects the control core and thyristor of soft start device, and selects and designs the topology of main circuit of soft start, the overall structure of upper computer system and soft start system. Secondly, the soft start control algorithm is selected: under the Matlab software environment, the training sample of soft start neural network control algorithm is obtained by simulation, and the BP and RBF neural network algorithms are trained with the same training sample. The startup algorithm is selected by simulation results. Thirdly, the circuit of soft start device is designed: the circuit of thyristor voltage regulation and trigger, the circuit of voltage synchronous detection, the circuit of voltage and current detection, the circuit of measuring motor speed are designed and simulated, respectively. And the soft start device is simulated as a whole. Then, the DSP control module is designed and fabricated: the core board and the bottom board PCB of the DSP control module are designed, and the EMC performance of the core board PCB before and after the manual wiring is simulated and analyzed by Ansoft Designer software. And complete the bottom PCB hardware production. Finally, the upper computer interface is designed: LabVIEW software is used to design seven interfaces, such as landing interface, directory and serial port setting interface, working state and soft start control interface, historical data query and waveform reading interface. To sum up: through the design of the above several parts, the design and implementation of intelligent soft start device for large asynchronous motor are completed, which provides a reference for the starting control of large asynchronous motor.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM343

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