基于梁振动原理的两种超声波电机结构的研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 19:27

本文选题：超声电机　切入点：梁振动　出处：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：超声波电机(Ultrasonic Motor,简称USM)是一种新型发展的驱动器,到目前为止不过三十多年的时间,由于其独特的运动机理和优势,应用范围越来越广,从汽车工业到航空航天领域,从精密仪表到智能机器人等都不同程度的应用到超声波电机。不同于传统的电磁电机,超声波电机工作原理是利用压电陶瓷的逆压电效应激发出振子在超声频域内的微观振动,通过摩擦作用将振子的微观振动转换成转子宏观直线(旋转)运动,由于其结构中无线圈工作过程中不产生磁场也不受磁场的干扰,而且具有低速大转矩和能在恶劣的环境条件下工作等特点,所以在某些特定的场合只能使用超声波电机。基于梁振动原理的超声波电机由于其结构简单、加工方便和效率高等特点使其有着广泛的应用前景。本论文设计了基于梁弯曲振动的杆式超声波电机和基于梁纵振和扭振的模态转化型超声波电机,并将模态转换超声波电机加工装配后进行了测试,对实验结果进行了分析和总结。具体所作的工作和取得的研究成果如下：(1)对超声电机的概念作了基本的理解,着重介绍了其研究现状、应用情况、分类以及特点,根据已有的成果和存在的问题引出了本课题研究的主要内容。(2)介绍了压电陶瓷的基本性质,建立了杆式超声波电机定子振动的数学模型并利用仿真软件对其运动过程进行了仿真,分析了定、转子间的预压力对其接触模型的影响。(3)对杆式超声电机定子的结构进行了有限元的建模,然后对其进行了动力学仿真分析,主要包括模态分析和谐响应分析,确定了电机的结构。(4)分析了模态转换型超声波电机的运转机理、振动模型和斜槽的尺寸对其纵扭频率的影响,确定了其定子的结构。(5)设计了模态转换型超声波电机的其它部件,加工和安装后对其性能进行了测试,对实验结果作了总结和建议。
[Abstract]:Ultrasonic motor (USM) is a new type of development driver. It has been used more and more widely, from automobile industry to aerospace industry, because of its unique motion mechanism and advantages. Ultrasonic motor is applied to ultrasonic motor in different degree from precision instrument to intelligent robot. Unlike traditional electromagnetic motor, ultrasonic motor works by using the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics to excite the micro vibration of vibrator in ultrasonic frequency domain. The micro vibration of the vibrator is transformed into the macroscopic linear (rotating) motion of the rotor by friction, because the magnetic field is not produced or interfered by the magnetic field during the working process of the rotor without coil in its structure. The ultrasonic motor can only be used in some special situations because of its low speed and large torque and the ability to work in harsh environment. The ultrasonic motor based on beam vibration principle is simple because of its simple structure. The advantages of convenient processing and high efficiency make it have a wide application prospect. In this paper, a rod type ultrasonic motor based on beam bending vibration and a modal converted ultrasonic motor based on longitudinal and torsional vibration of beam are designed. The experimental results are analyzed and summarized. The concrete work and research results are as follows: (1) the concept of ultrasonic motor is understood. The research status, application, classification and characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics are emphatically introduced. According to the existing achievements and problems, the basic properties of piezoelectric ceramics are introduced. The mathematical model of stator vibration of pole type ultrasonic motor is established, and its motion process is simulated by using simulation software. The influence of pre-pressure between rotors on the contact model. (3) the finite element modeling of the stator structure of the rod ultrasonic motor is carried out, and then the dynamic simulation analysis is carried out, which mainly includes the modal analysis and harmonic response analysis. The structure of the motor is determined. The operating mechanism of the mode converted ultrasonic motor is analyzed. The influence of vibration model and the size of the slant groove on the longitudinal torsion frequency of the ultrasonic motor is analyzed. The structure of the stator is determined. The other components of the mode conversion type ultrasonic motor are designed. Its performance was tested after machining and installation, and the experimental results were summarized and suggestions were made.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM359.9

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