计及储能和用户侧响应的微网经济运行优化

发布时间：2018-03-26 07:24

本文选题：微网　切入点：储能电池　出处：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在能源危机、环境污染以及供电可靠的背景下，智能电网应运而生，分布式发电技术得到了迅猛的发展，尤其是以风光、燃料电池、微型燃气轮机以及储能电池等为代表的发电和存储技术。国内外研究表明，将分布式发电供能系统以微网的形式接入大电网，，是其功能发挥的有效方式。为促使微网成功并入现有系统，并得以推广，其运行的经济性将是关键所在。微网系统的经济运行不仅取决于它的电源结构，还与它所处的市场环境息息相关，如电价形式、天然气价格、上网政策等。从算法的角度来说，也是一个包含机组启停、出力、爬坡等约束的混合整数规划问题，可采用GAMS/CPLEX求解。本文在电网级储能技术发展以及电力需求侧管理的背景下，对微网系统做了以最小运行成本为目标的经济性分析。首先对微网系统的运行环境和分布式电源进行了建模，并对建模系统和求解方法做了简单介绍；其次搭建了计及储能系统的微网模型，并对机组出力、购售电行为、储能充放电行为、负荷曲线变化以及运行成本等做了细致的分析。同时，通过计算储能系统的年运行可节约成本，还做了其投资收益分析，并提出了最佳容量选择方法；为考虑DR，对居民负荷进行了建模，即重要、可转移和可控负荷三类，其中可转移还包括了电动汽车负荷。之后分别针对可转移负荷的转移方式以及可控负荷的调节方式进行建模，并辅以一定的价格补偿机制。最后对运行结果做了机组出力、成本对比、购售电行为、可转移负荷转移行为、可控负荷的调节行为、机组启停顺序以及负荷曲线变化等分析，其中还研究了用户侧响应对配网的影响；为集合储能和DR的作用，本文还对同时计及这两种方式下的微网系统购电行为、售电行为、负荷曲线、冬夏运行成本和可节约的成本等做了一一的对比分析。研究表明，在实时电价的环境下，微网优先调用可再生能源，电价较低时，通过主网购电来满足负荷需求；随着电价升高，可控电源按照发电成本高低依次开启，共同满足负荷需求。当计及储能时，负荷曲线平抑，实现了削峰填谷的目标，运行成本降低，夏季的节约成本要比冬季高。储能系统的投资需要考虑电池价格、使用寿命、存款利率、微网系统结构以及电价等诸多因素。计及DR时，运行成本显著降低，夏季的节约成本要比冬季多很多，负荷曲线更加平滑，夜间负荷水平明显抬高，用电高峰负荷被转移和削减。有助于延缓配网升级改造，并指导配网规划设计。
[Abstract]:In the context of energy crisis, environmental pollution and reliable power supply, the smart grid came into being, distributed generation technology has been rapidly developed, especially in the wind, fuel cells, The research at home and abroad shows that the distributed generation and energy supply system is connected to the large power grid in the form of microgrid. It is an effective way to perform its functions. In order to promote the successful integration of micronetworks into the existing system and to be popularized, the economy of its operation will be the key. The economic operation of the microgrid system depends not only on its power supply structure, but also on the market environment in which it is located, such as the form of electricity price, the price of natural gas, the Internet policy, and so on. The mixed integer programming problem with constraints such as force and slope climbing can be solved by GAMS/CPLEX. In this paper, under the background of the development of power grid energy storage technology and the power demand side management, the economic analysis of microgrid system with the goal of minimum operation cost is made. Firstly, the operation environment and distributed power generation of microgrid system are modeled, and the modeling system and solving method are simply introduced. Secondly, the micro-grid model considering energy storage system is built, and the behavior of generating units, buying and selling electricity is also introduced. The charge-discharge behavior of energy storage, the change of load curve and operation cost are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the annual operation of energy storage system can be saved by calculating the cost, and the investment income is analyzed, and the optimal capacity selection method is put forward. In order to consider DRR, the resident load is modeled, that is, important, transferable and controllable load. The transferable load also includes the electric vehicle load. After that, the transfer mode of the transferable load and the regulating mode of the controllable load are modeled, supplemented by a certain price compensation mechanism. Finally, the unit output is made to the operation result. Cost comparison, purchase and sale behavior, transferable load transfer behavior, controllable load regulation behavior, unit start and stop order and load curve change are analyzed. The influence of user side response on distribution network is also studied. For the purpose of collecting energy storage and Dr, this paper also makes a comparative analysis of the power purchase behavior, the electricity sale behavior, the load curve, the operation cost and the saving cost of the microgrid system under these two modes. The research shows that in the environment of real time electricity price, the microgrid gives priority to the renewable energy, and when the electricity price is low, it can satisfy the load demand through the main network purchase electricity, and with the increase of the electricity price, the controllable power supply will be turned on according to the generation cost in turn. When energy storage is taken into account, the load curve is flat, the target of peak cutting and valley filling is achieved, the operating cost is reduced, and the saving cost in summer is higher than that in winter. The investment of energy storage system needs to consider battery price and service life. The savings cost in summer is much more than in winter, the load curve is smoother, and the night load level is obviously elevated, taking into account many factors, such as deposit interest rate, structure of microgrid system, electricity price, etc., when Dr is taken into account, the operating cost is significantly reduced, the savings in summer are much more than in winter, The peak load is shifted and reduced. It helps to delay the upgrading of distribution network and guide the planning and design of distribution network.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM732

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