热电机组电功率限值计算方法及其在节能调度中的应用

发布时间：2018-03-26 09:17

本文选题：热电机组　切入点：电功率上下限　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在风力资源丰富的“三北”地区，由于冬季寒冷，热负荷需求大，电网中热电机组比重大。随着风力发电的迅速发展，冬季时水电机组的枯水期、热电机组的供暖期、风电机组的大发期以及风电的反调峰特性相互叠加，导致“三北”地区电网低谷调峰非常困难、弃风现象时有发生。常规机组(纯凝机组和热电机组)的强迫出力过大是造成弃风的根本原因，而热电机组的最小电功率过高又是常规机组强迫出力过大的主要原因。由此可见，在保证机组安全运行的前提下，准确建立热电机组电功率上下限与抽汽量之间的关系，降低热电机组最小电功率，对减小电网弃风、提高风电利用率具有重要意义。论文首先在详细研究单抽、双抽热电机组汽轮机工况图的基础上，分别建立了各边界限制工况线的方程式，分析了抽汽工况线变化时的输出电功率变化，并通过对各条边界限制工况线方程式的联立求解，分别建立了单抽、双抽热电机组输出电功率上下限与抽汽量的函数关系。论文针对现有调度模型将热电机组电功率上下限设为定值，经常引起风电弃风这一问题，基于已经建立的热电机组电功率上下限与抽汽量的函数关系，构建了含热电、火电和风电机组，且热电机组电功率上下限随抽汽量变化而变化的新型节能调度模型。该模型目标函数为优先接纳风电，在保证弃风最少的前提下使煤耗量最小。然后，论文针对新型节能调度模型中等式约束条件较多，且有不定不等式约束这一特殊问题，对现有的粒子群算法加以改进。改进后的粒子群算法将工业热负荷平衡、采暖热负荷平衡与电负荷平衡进行了优先级分级，同时加入了负荷平衡约束预判、粒子下一位置预判和循环限时部分。实际优化过程则分为两步：先判断是否会产生弃风，并预估弃风量；然后计算煤耗量最少时的热、电负荷优化分配。最后，论文编制了新型节能调度模型改进粒子群法求解的程序，，并通过实例计算，与常规调度模型的对比分析，证明了本文调度模型能充分挖掘热电机组调峰潜力、提高风电利用率，具有较好的节能效果。
[Abstract]:In the "Sanbei" region with abundant wind power resources, due to the cold winter, the large demand for heat load and the large proportion of thermoelectric units in the power grid, with the rapid development of wind power generation, the low water period of hydropower units and the heating period of thermal power units in winter, Due to the superposition of the wind turbine and the anti-peak-shaving characteristics of wind power, it is very difficult to adjust the peak at the bottom of the "Sanbei" power grid, and the phenomenon of abandoning wind occurs from time to time. The excessive forced force of conventional units (pure condensing units and thermoelectric units) is the fundamental cause of the abandonment of air, and the high minimum electric power of the heat generating units is the main reason for the excessive forced output forces of the conventional units. On the premise of ensuring the safe operation of the units, the relationship between the upper and lower limits of electric power and the extraction capacity of the thermal power units is established accurately, and the minimum power of the thermal power units is reduced, which is of great significance to the reduction of the abandoned wind in the power grid and the improvement of the utilization rate of wind power. Firstly, on the basis of the detailed study on the working condition diagram of single and double extraction steam turbine, the equations of each boundary restricted working condition line are established, and the output electric power changes when the extraction working condition line changes are analyzed. By solving the equations of each boundary limit working condition line, the functional relationship between the output power upper and lower limits and the extraction capacity of single and double extraction units is established respectively. Aiming at the problem that the upper and lower limits of electric power of thermal power units are set to a certain value by the existing dispatching models, this paper often causes the problem of wind power abandonment. Based on the established functional relationship between the upper and lower limits of power and the extraction capacity of thermal power generating units, the thermoelectric power is constructed. A new energy-saving scheduling model for thermal power and wind turbine, and the upper and lower limits of electric power of thermal power units vary with the extraction capacity. The objective function of the model is to accept wind power first and to minimize coal consumption under the premise of ensuring the minimum abandoned wind. Then, aiming at the special problem that there are many equality constraints and uncertain inequality constraints in the new energy-saving scheduling model, the existing particle swarm optimization algorithm is improved. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm balances the industrial heat load. The heating heat load balance and electric load balance are classified first, and the load balance constraint prediction is added, the next position prediction and the cycle time limit part of the particle are added. The actual optimization process is divided into two steps: first, to determine whether the abandoned wind will occur. The optimal distribution of heat and electricity load is calculated when the coal consumption is minimum. Finally, the program of improved particle swarm optimization method for new energy-saving dispatching model is developed, and the comparison between this model and the conventional scheduling model proves that the scheduling model can fully tap the peak shaving potential of thermal power units. Improving the utilization ratio of wind power has better energy-saving effect.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM621

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