太阳能光伏发电系统结构布置改进及发电性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 05:23

本文选题：光伏发电　切入点：反光板　出处：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在能源危机和环境污染日益严峻的形势下,光伏发电技术以其清洁、安全的特点得到了广泛的应用和快速的发展,然而其依然存在发电效率低、发电成本偏高的问题。针对此问题,本文从改变光伏发电系统结构布局的角度出发,以屋顶光伏发电系统为研究对象,在光伏阵列的布置间距中增设反光板,在保证成本低廉的情况下,增加照射到光伏组件上的太阳光辐射量,以提高系统的总体有效发电量,降低发电成本,实现对光伏发电系统性能的改进和优化。本文设计了屋顶光伏发电系统实验台和实时数据采集系统,分别进行了平面、非平面、不同材料和布置方式的反光板实验,研究发现在光伏阵列的安装间距中增设倾角为28.7°,斜边长为1236mm,最低缘与后排光伏组件水平距离为339mm,与地面垂直距离为396mm,材料为银镜的平面反光板时,光伏组件的有效发电量可提高20%左右,具有最佳布置效果,该反光板增加的成本仅为0.4元/W(约为建设总成本的4%),性价比极高。此外,本文分别从实验数据和光路模拟两个方面,对增设反光板后光伏组件发电量提高的原因进行分析。研究发现,在光照不好的条件下,增设反光板可使光伏发电系统发电量有较大幅度的提高,效果较好；反光板对光伏组件发电量提高幅度的影响与太阳辐射量中散射辐射量份额的变化趋势相吻合,这表明反光板使组件发电量提高的主因是散射光的反射。基于对光伏发电系统一年实验数据的采集,本文从年、月、日等不同时间尺度对光伏组件的发电输出特性进行分析。研究发现,光伏组件年发电输出特性的不连续性和突变性较为明显。月发电输出的差别较大,在南京地区光伏组件发电输出较大的时间段一般出现在春季、初夏和秋季,发电输出较小的时间段出现在冬季和雨水较多的夏季。各种不同天气条件下的日发电输出也表现出各自的特点,晴天条件下光伏组件的发电输出曲线较为圆滑,发电输出峰值较大,整体发电输出较高;阴天条件下发电输出曲线波动较大,呈现多峰的特点；多云条件下光伏组件发电输出曲线呈现出间断性的特点；而降雨条件下,发电输出曲线波动较大,且发电输出时间段短、出力峰值低。此外,分析了太阳辐照度、大气温度、风速等环境因素对光伏组件发电输出特性的影响,研究发现,太阳辐照度对光伏组件输出功率影响最大,基本可以决定输出功率的大小；光伏组件的输出功率也受到大气温度的影响,在大气温度到达某一值之前,光伏组件输出功率与大气温度呈现出正相关性,当超过该值后大气温度的增长反而会抑制光伏组件输出功率的增加；风速与光伏组件输出功率之间几乎没有明显的规律性。
[Abstract]:Under the situation of energy crisis and increasingly serious environmental pollution, photovoltaic power generation technology has been widely used and developed rapidly because of its clean and safe characteristics, but it still has low power generation efficiency. In view of the problem of changing the structure and layout of photovoltaic power system, this paper takes the roof photovoltaic system as the research object and adds a reflector to the arrangement spacing of photovoltaic array. Under the condition of low cost, increase the amount of solar radiation to photovoltaic module to increase the overall effective power generation of the system, and reduce the cost of power generation. The performance of photovoltaic power generation system is improved and optimized. In this paper, the experimental bench and real-time data acquisition system of photovoltaic power generation system are designed, and the reflector experiments of plane, non-plane, different materials and arrangement are carried out, respectively. It is found that when the installation distance of photovoltaic array is 28.7 掳, the oblique side length is 1236mm, the horizontal distance between the lowest edge and the rear photovoltaic module is 339mm, and the vertical distance from the ground is 396mm, the material is a plane reflector with silver mirror. The effective power generation of the photovoltaic module can be increased by about 20%, and it has the best arrangement effect. The additional cost of the reflector is only 0.4 yuan / W (about 4 / W of the total cost of construction), and the ratio of performance to price is very high. In addition, the experiment data and the optical path simulation are used in this paper. This paper analyzes the reasons for the increase of the power generation of the photovoltaic module after adding the reflector. It is found that under the condition of poor illumination, the addition of the reflector can greatly improve the power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system, and the effect is better. The effect of the reflector on the increase in the power generation of the photovoltaic module coincides with the changing trend of the amount of scattered radiation in the solar radiation. This indicates that the main reason why the reflector can increase the power generation of the module is the reflection of scattered light. Based on the collection of experimental data of photovoltaic power system in one year, this paper starts from the year, month, and month. The paper analyzes the output characteristics of photovoltaic module at different time scales. It is found that the discontinuity and mutation of the output characteristics of photovoltaic module are obvious. In the Nanjing area, the larger output time periods of photovoltaic modules generally appear in spring, early summer and autumn. The smaller period of output of power generation occurs in winter and more summer of Rain Water. The output of daily power generation under different weather conditions also shows its own characteristics, and the output curve of photovoltaic module under sunny conditions is relatively smooth. The output curve of photovoltaic module shows the characteristics of multi-peak under cloudy conditions, and the output curve of photovoltaic module shows intermittent characteristics under cloudy condition, while under rainfall condition, the output curve of photovoltaic module is intermittent. The output curve fluctuates greatly, and the generation output time is short and the output peak value is low. In addition, the effects of environmental factors such as solar irradiance, atmospheric temperature and wind speed on the output characteristics of PV module are analyzed. Solar irradiance has the greatest influence on the output power of photovoltaic module, which can basically determine the output power. The output power of photovoltaic module is also affected by atmospheric temperature, before the atmospheric temperature reaches a certain value, There is a positive correlation between the output power of PV module and the atmospheric temperature. The increase of atmospheric temperature will restrain the increase of output power of PV module when the output power of PV module exceeds this value, and there is almost no obvious regularity between wind speed and output power of PV module.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM615

【参考文献】