基于激光扫描数据的架空输电线路周边物体对线路的安全影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 11:04

本文选题：激光扫描　切入点：架空输电线路　出处：《华北电力大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：架空输电线路用于输送电能,架空输电线路的安全运行直接关系到用户能否正常接收电能。随着经济的高速发展,用电需求日益增大、架空输电线路越来越长、跨越地势越来越复杂,架空输电线路与其周边物体的距离也变得越来越难以确定。输电线路与其周边物体之间的安全距离有严格的电力行业标准限值,遵照标准DL/T 741-2010的规定,当架空输电线路与其周边物体的距离小于标准规定时,可能会引起线路故障,严重的情况可能导致供电中断。本文正是基于这个原因研究架空输电线路与其周边物体的距离安全问题,主要包括：通过对架空输电线路周边物体构建三角网格,采用逐步逼近的方法计算输电线路与其周边物体的最小距离；研究架空输电线路舞动用以考虑线路舞动后与其周边物体的最小距离；研究架空输电线路周边树木的生长用以考虑树木生长后与线路之间的最小距离；然后根据相应的电力行业标准判断架空输电线路与其周边物体的距离安全。本文提出了架空输电线路与其周边物体的最小距离计算方法,是基于激光扫描的输电线路及其周边物体如地面、树木、建筑物等的三维坐标信息,该方法分离出单个跨距内单条输电线点并拟合成曲线,对输电线路周边的物体点以树木点为例建立三角网格,通过逐步逼近的方法计算出输电线路与其周边物体的最小距离。实验证明,用此方法计算出的最小距离与实测的最小距离相差较小,可用于实际工程。由于架空输电线路舞动会造成输电线路与其周边物体的最小距离发生变化,可能会造成输电线路安全隐患,因此,本文研究了输电线路舞动情形,提出了输电线路相邻杆塔等高及相邻杆塔不等高输电线路舞动模型,以相邻杆塔不等高输电线路舞动为例做了线路舞动仿真实验,实验证明符合输电线路舞动理论偏移。架空输电线路与其周边物体如树木的距离会随着树木的生长发生变化,且当输电线路与树木的距离小于标准规定时,可能会引起树闪故障,严重的情况可能导致供电中断,因此本文研究了树木生长,建立了树木生长的灰色预测模型,实验证明预测的树木生长高度与实测值比较接近,可用于实际工程。本文提出了计算架空输电线路弧垂的方法,基于输电线路点云数据即可计算线路弧垂,进而计算输电线路计及弧垂后与地面及线路周边物体的最小距离。然后根据相应的电力标准判断输电线路与其周边物体的最小距离,完整解决了本论文研究的架空输电线路周边物体对线路的距离安全影响问题。具有实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:Overhead transmission lines are used to transmit electric energy. The safe operation of overhead transmission lines is directly related to whether users can receive electricity normally. With the rapid development of economy, the demand for electricity is increasing day by day, and the overhead transmission lines are becoming longer and longer. The distance between overhead transmission lines and surrounding objects becomes more and more difficult to determine. The safe distance between transmission lines and surrounding objects has strict power industry standard limits, according to the standard DL/T 741-2010. When the distance between the overhead transmission line and its peripheral object is less than the standard, it may cause the fault of the line. For this reason, this paper studies the distance security between overhead transmission lines and their peripheral objects, which mainly includes: constructing triangular grids on the peripheral objects of overhead transmission lines. The minimum distance between the transmission line and its peripheral object is calculated by the method of stepwise approximation, and the minimum distance between the line galloping and the surrounding object is studied. The growth of trees around overhead transmission lines is studied to consider the minimum distance between the trees and the lines. Then the distance safety between overhead transmission line and its peripheral objects is judged according to the corresponding power industry standards. The minimum distance calculation method between overhead transmission line and its peripheral object is proposed in this paper. Based on the three dimensional coordinate information of transmission lines and their peripheral objects such as ground, trees, buildings and so on, the method separates a single transmission line point within a single span and simulates a synthetic curve. Taking tree points as an example, a triangular grid is established for the object points around the transmission lines. The minimum distance between the transmission lines and the surrounding objects is calculated by the method of gradual approximation. The difference between the minimum distance calculated by this method and the measured minimum distance is relatively small and can be used in practical engineering. The minimum distance between the transmission line and its surrounding objects will change due to the galloping of overhead transmission lines. Therefore, this paper studies the galloping situation of transmission line, and puts forward the galloping model of adjacent tower and unequal height of adjacent tower. Taking the galloping of transmission lines with different heights of adjacent towers as an example, the simulation results show that it accords with the migration of transmission line galloping theory. The distance between overhead transmission lines and their peripheral objects, such as trees, changes with the growth of trees. When the distance between the transmission line and the tree is less than the standard, it may cause the tree flash fault, and the serious situation may lead to the power supply outage. So this paper studies the tree growth, and establishes the grey forecast model of the tree growth. The experimental results show that the predicted height of tree growth is close to the measured value and can be used in practical projects. A method for calculating the sag of overhead transmission lines is presented in this paper. Based on the point cloud data of transmission lines, the sag of transmission lines can be calculated. Then the minimum distance between the transmission line and the ground and its peripheral objects is calculated, and the minimum distance between the transmission line and its peripheral objects is determined according to the corresponding power standards. The problem of distance safety of overhead transmission lines is solved in this paper, which has practical application value.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM75

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