水平轴风力机尾流相互作用的数值模拟研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 15:34

本文选题：水平轴风力机　切入点：尾流干扰　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着传统不可再生能源的日益短缺及其所带来的环境污染等一系列问题，为满足社会的高速发展，，人们越来越重视清洁能源的开发以及能源的可再生利用，风能凭借其独特的优势出现在人们的视野中。在风电场中，由于尾流效应的存在，风力机组的布置显得尤为重要。因此，研究多组风力机尾流干扰特性，掌握风力机尾流特性的相互影响规律，尽量减小或避免风力机组间尾流干扰作用，对提高风电场风机总体的输出功率和发电效率有重要意义。本文以10kW小型风力机作为主要研究对象，利用专业流体软件Fluent对风电场中的风机整机进行了全三维的数值模拟，从而更深入了解风电场中风力机组之间尾流的相互作用。本文有如下主要研究内容：确定了合适的叶片核心参数，利用翼型软件Profili、三维建模软件UGNX7.0和网格划分软件ICEM通过联合建模法对风轮叶片、轮毂、机舱和塔架等分别建模，再将各部分模型进行装配，从而实现了风力机整机的三维实体建模，为后续风力机整机的三维气动特性研究和风机尾流干扰特性分析奠定了基础。为了解风力机三维流场的气动特性，利用RANS方法对单组风力机进行了三维流场数值模拟分析。在实际模拟风力机时考虑了机舱和塔架的影响，利用建立起来的风力机三维实体模型，通过专业流体软件Fluent对单组风力机整机进行全三维流场数值模拟分析，计算不同工况下风力机的功率输出，拟合出叶尖速比-风力机功率系数关系曲线，通过和风洞实验曲线进行对比，从而验证了风力机叶片优化设计及三维实体建模方法和数值模拟方法的可靠性，为后续研究多组风力机尾流特性的相互影响奠定了基础。在单组风力机三维气动特性数值模拟的基础上，研究了多组风力机尾流干扰特性，分别从风力机组之间的塔架高差和风电场中风力机组的排列方式两个方面探讨风力机尾流的相互作用。研究表明，当上下游风机“前后等高”时，下游风机输出功率损失最大。此外，在主风向变化不大的情况下，采用交错网格排列要比直线网格排列好的多，在采用交错网格排列的基础上，合理利用塔架高差的布置，最大限度的减小风力机组间尾流干扰作用，从而提高风电场风机总体的输出功率和发电效率。利用风力机组的输出功率对模拟结果进行量化分析，对日后风电场的布局设计、选址评估和输出功率的预测等有重大意义。
[Abstract]:With the increasing shortage of traditional non-renewable energy and its environmental pollution, in order to meet the rapid development of society, people pay more and more attention to the development of clean energy and renewable use of energy. Wind energy appears in people's view because of its unique advantage. In wind farm, because of the existence of wake effect, the arrangement of wind turbine is very important. Therefore, the characteristics of multi-group wind turbine tail flow interference are studied. It is of great significance to master the interaction law of wind turbine tail flow characteristics and minimize or avoid the wake interference between wind turbine units to improve the overall output power and generation efficiency of wind farm fans. In this paper, the 10kW small wind turbine is used as the main research object, and the full-3D numerical simulation of the wind turbine in wind farm is carried out by using the professional fluid software Fluent. In order to understand the interaction of wind turbine wakes in wind farm, the main contents of this paper are as follows:. The proper core parameters of the blade are determined. The airfoil software Profilii, the 3D modeling software UGNX7.0 and the grid division software ICEM are used to model the blade, hub, engine room and tower of the wind turbine respectively by the combined modeling method, and then each part of the model is assembled. Thus, the 3D solid modeling of the wind turbine is realized, which lays a foundation for the study of the three-dimensional aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine and the analysis of the disturbance characteristics of the wind turbine wake. In order to understand the aerodynamic characteristics of the three-dimensional flow field of the wind turbine, the numerical simulation of the three-dimensional flow field of a single group of wind turbines is carried out by using the RANS method. The influence of the engine room and the tower is taken into account in the actual simulation of the wind turbine. Based on the 3D solid model of wind turbine, the whole three-dimensional flow field of a single wind turbine is simulated and analyzed by Fluent, and the power output of wind turbine under different working conditions is calculated. The curve of the relationship between blade tip speed ratio and wind turbine power coefficient was fitted, and compared with the wind tunnel experiment curve, the reliability of wind turbine blade optimization design, 3D solid modeling method and numerical simulation method was verified. It lays a foundation for further study on the interaction of wind turbine tail flow characteristics. Based on the numerical simulation of three dimensional aerodynamic characteristics of a single wind turbine, the interference characteristics of multi-group wind turbine tail flow are studied. The interaction of wind turbine tail flow is discussed from the two aspects of tower height difference between wind turbines and the arrangement of wind turbines in wind farms. The results show that when the upstream and downstream fans are "equal height before and after", The output power loss of the downstream fan is the biggest. In addition, the staggered grid arrangement is much better than the linear grid arrangement in the case of little change in the main wind direction. On the basis of the staggered grid arrangement, the tower height difference arrangement is reasonably utilized. In order to improve the overall output power and generation efficiency of wind farm fan, the simulation results are analyzed quantitatively by using the output power of wind turbine, and the layout of wind farm is designed in the future. Location evaluation and output power prediction are of great significance.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM315

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