电动汽车电池组散热的仿真研究与优化

发布时间：2018-03-30 04:33

本文选题：镍氢电池　切入点：散热　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着传统能源的日趋紧张，新能源逐渐成为能源行业发展的必然趋势。对于汽车产业来说，这种趋势意味着电动汽车将逐步替代传统汽车。制约电动汽车产业发展的主要因素便是车载的动力电池。提高电池的性能，是电动汽车产业进步发展的基础因素。电池温度是影响动力电池性能的主要因素。其具体又可分为电池内部的最高温度与各个电池间的温度差。对于镍氢电池来说，，其工作温度应在40oC以内，电池之间的温度差不宜超过5oC。本文以应用于电动汽车中的一款EV-95镍氢动力电池组作为研究对象，主要研究了以下几个方面： 1、分析了镍氢电池的产热根源与规律，及其热量主要来源的四个部分。并且简述了镍氢电池温度对于电池工作性能的影响，确定了电池散热系统所要满足的散热温度目标。 2、在散热温度场结构较为复杂时，求解的过程多采用计算流体力学（CFD）的办法。文章介绍了描述电池组散热过程的基本流体力学方程，以及CFD在电池温度场求解计算过程中的应用 3、分析了电池组几何模型与温度场模型，提出了对其原有实物对象较为复杂模型的化简整理方案。同时论述了各个有关参数的选取过程，Fluent仿真软件的设置环节，并最终利用软件仿真得到的电池组速度场与温度场的分布图像。 4、对电池原有的散热性能提出几种优化的方案，在此基础上，探讨了空气流速与进气角度对于电池散热性能的影响。并得出结论，空气流速的增加对于电池散热性能来说，存在着一个最优的范围。以本文中的电池组结构为例，这个最佳的流动速度在10m/s左右。而空气进气角度的增加对于电池组散热性能的影响十分有限。
[Abstract]:With the increasing tension of traditional energy, new energy has gradually become the inevitable trend of the development of the energy industry. This trend means that electric vehicles will gradually replace the traditional ones. The main factor restricting the development of the electric vehicle industry is the on-board power battery. Improving the performance of the battery is the basic factor for the progress and development of the electric vehicle industry. Battery temperature is the main factor that affects the performance of power battery. It can also be divided into the maximum temperature inside the battery and the temperature difference between each battery. For Ni-MH battery, the working temperature should be within 40oC. The temperature difference between batteries should not exceed 5oC. In this paper, a EV-95 Ni-MH battery pack which is used in electric vehicle is taken as the research object, and the following aspects are studied:. The main contents are as follows: 1. The source and law of heat production of Ni-MH battery and four main sources of heat are analyzed. The effect of Ni-MH battery temperature on the performance of Ni-MH battery is briefly described, and the heat dissipation temperature target to be satisfied by the battery heat dissipation system is determined. 2. When the structure of heat dissipation temperature field is more complicated, the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to solve the problem. The basic hydrodynamic equation describing the heat dissipation process of battery pack is introduced in this paper. The Application of CFD in the calculation of Battery temperature Field. 3. The geometry model and temperature field model of battery pack are analyzed, and the simplification and finishing scheme of the complex model of its original object is put forward. The setting of fluent simulation software is also discussed in this paper. Finally, the distribution images of velocity field and temperature field of battery pack are simulated by software. On the basis of this, the influence of air velocity and inlet angle on the heat dissipation performance of the battery is discussed, and it is concluded that the increase of air flow rate is of great importance to the heat dissipation performance of the battery. For example, the optimal flow velocity is about 10m/s, and the increase of air intake angle has a very limited effect on the heat dissipation performance of the battery pack.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U469.72;TM912

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