电动汽车用永磁同步电机的电磁振动噪声分析研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 01:09

本文选题：纯电动汽车　切入点：永磁同步电机　出处：《合肥工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：纯电动汽车的永磁驱动电机是其关键部件之一，它关系到整车动力性、操作性及NVH性能，而驱动电机的振动和噪声问题会严重影响乘坐舒适性。目前电机的电磁噪声研究的对象大多数是异步电动机，对永磁同步电动机的电磁振动和噪声研究的比较少。本文主要对纯电动车驱动用永磁同步电机进行电机振动和噪声分析，主要研究内容分为以下几个方面：首先，在PWM变频器供电的情况下，对纯电动汽车驱动用永磁电机进行电磁分析。因为该电机具有轴向分布对称性，为了简化分析计算，对电机进行基于Ansoft的二维瞬态磁场计算，得到电机磁力线分布图、磁密云图，计算出径向气隙磁密，通过傅里叶分析得到的基波和谐波分布来分析永磁电机的振动特性；提取磁密值，，根据麦克斯韦定理，运用MATLAB计算出了电机的径向电磁力密度曲线，在此基础上通过后处理得到电机的输出转矩和力矩特性等；然后，从电机的不同结构参数出发分析了不同结构参数对电机电磁场的影响。从而对电机电磁振动方面的优化设计提供参考。其次，对电机整体及定子部分进行了动态特性分析，即模态分析。通过有限元模态分析得到了电机整体及定子部件的固有频率和振型图，从电机零部件的固有频率出发研究电机的振动。采用锤击法对一台样机进行模态实验，得到电机的实际低阶固有频率，与有限元分析结果对比，两者基本吻合，从而证明了有限元计算分析的可靠性。最后，运用AWA6291型实时信号分析仪，对纯电动汽车驱动电机进行了在线噪声测量，通过驱动电机在三个工况下的噪声测量，解出了电机的振动和噪声频谱图，结合上文关于电磁力波的研究，分析了主要频率段电机噪声大的原因，对电机的设计和噪声源识别作指导。
[Abstract]:The permanent magnet drive motor of pure electric vehicle is one of its key components. It relates to the power performance, maneuverability and NVH performance of the whole vehicle. The vibration and noise of the driving motor will seriously affect the ride comfort.At present, the research object of electromagnetic noise of motor is mostly asynchronous motor, but the research on electromagnetic vibration and noise of permanent magnet synchronous motor is less.In this paper, the vibration and noise of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) driven by pure electric vehicle are analyzed. The main research contents are as follows:First of all, the electromagnetic analysis of permanent magnet motor used in pure electric vehicle is carried out under the condition of power supply by PWM inverter.Because the motor has axial distribution symmetry, in order to simplify the analysis and calculation, the 2-D transient magnetic field is calculated based on Ansoft, and the magnetic force line distribution diagram and magnetic density cloud diagram of the motor are obtained, and the radial air gap magnetic density is calculated.The vibration characteristics of permanent magnet motor are analyzed by Fourier analysis of fundamental wave and harmonic distribution, and magnetic density is extracted. According to Maxwell's theorem, the radial electromagnetic force density curve of the motor is calculated by using MATLAB.On this basis, the output torque and torque characteristics of the motor are obtained by post-processing, and then the influence of different structural parameters on the electromagnetic field of the motor is analyzed from the different structural parameters of the motor.Therefore, it provides a reference for the optimum design of the electromagnetic vibration of the motor.Secondly, the dynamic characteristics of the whole motor and the stator are analyzed, namely modal analysis.Through the finite element modal analysis, the natural frequency and vibration pattern of the whole motor and the stator are obtained, and the vibration of the motor is studied from the natural frequency of the motor parts.The actual low-order natural frequency of the motor is obtained by the modal experiment of a prototype by hammering method. The results are in good agreement with the results of the finite element analysis, which proves the reliability of the finite element analysis.Finally, the on-line noise measurement of the driving motor of pure electric vehicle is carried out by using the AWA6291 real-time signal analyzer. The vibration and noise spectrum of the motor is calculated by measuring the noise of the motor under three working conditions.Combined with the study of electromagnetic force wave above, the causes of the noise in the main frequency range are analyzed, and the design of the motor and the identification of the noise source are given as the guidance.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM341;U469.72

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