纯电动汽车车载数字式充电机的研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 17:01

  本文选题：车载充电机　切入点：APFC移相全桥　出处：《长安大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：电动汽车的出现能有效解决环境污染、能源危机和汽车工业快速发展的矛盾。由于电动汽车的动力电池储能受电池技术发展的限制，续航里程有限，电量不足时就要及时给动力电池充电。但是充电桩位置比较固定，使用便利性大打折扣，因此非常有必要研制一种低成本，携带灵活的车载充电机，及时为电动汽车进行充电，为电动汽车推广奠定基础。 电动汽车运行环境恶劣，车载充电机必须具有尘密结构；散热方式自然冷却，需要具有高效率；为提高充电机输入侧功率因数以及减少充电时对电网的污染，需要有功率因数校正电路；为了提高电动汽车的动力性和可靠性，需要充电机具有重量轻、体积小、可靠性高、抗机械冲击及震动等特点。 本文根据电动汽车车载充电机的技术指标和防护等级要求，分析了常用拓扑结构及其控制方式，确定前级有源功率因数校正电路和后级DC/DC变换电路两级结构。通过对比有源功率因数校正电路的不同电路拓扑结构和控制方式的优缺点，前级选定了Boost拓扑电路和基于平均电流控制方式的控制回路，并计算了主器件的参数。为了使充电电源在大范围负载条件下获得高效率，对各种DC/DC电路拓扑进行分析，后级选择了移相控制全桥DC/DC变换器结构，并且采用TI的数字电源控制器UCD3138作为主控芯片，提高效率和减少模拟电路，有利于体积和成本的控制，对变换器主器件进行了计算选型。辅助电源方面采用Power Intergrations的集成芯片，TOP266EG，电路结构简单，体积小、效率高，实现多路电压输出。 本文根据前后两级电路主电路和控制电路的具体参数，利用仿真工具Saber和Pspice对充电机的两级解决方案进行了仿真分析和参数优化，设计了一台2.5kw的电动汽车车载充电机实验样机。对实验样机进行了测试，输出电压值和纹波系数达到设计要求，本文设计的车载充电机方案是可行的，，为后面充电机产品设计优化提供了理论和实验依据。
[Abstract]:The emergence of electric vehicles can effectively solve the contradiction between environmental pollution, energy crisis and the rapid development of automobile industry. When the power supply is insufficient, the power battery should be charged in time. However, the position of the charging pile is relatively fixed, and the ease of use is greatly compromised. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a low-cost, flexible on-board charger to charge the electric vehicle in a timely manner. Lay the foundation for electric vehicle promotion. In order to improve the power factor of the input side of the electric vehicle and reduce the pollution to the power grid during charging, the electric vehicle must have a dust-tight structure for running in a bad environment; In order to improve the power performance and reliability of electric vehicle, it is necessary for the charger to have the characteristics of light weight, small volume, high reliability, resistance to mechanical shock and vibration, etc. According to the technical index and protection grade requirement of electric vehicle on-board charger, the common topology structure and its control mode are analyzed in this paper. The two-stage structure of the former active power factor correction circuit and the rear stage DC/DC transform circuit is determined. The advantages and disadvantages of the different circuit topologies and control methods of the active power factor correction circuit are compared. The Boost topology circuit and the control circuit based on the average current control mode are selected in the previous stage, and the parameters of the main device are calculated. In order to make the charging power supply achieve high efficiency under the condition of a wide range of loads, various DC/DC circuit topologies are analyzed. In the latter stage, phase shift control full-bridge DC/DC converter structure is selected, and TI digital power supply controller UCD3138 is used as main control chip to improve efficiency and reduce analog circuit, which is beneficial to volume and cost control. In the auxiliary power supply, Power Intergrations integrated chip TOP266EG. the circuit structure is simple, the volume is small, the efficiency is high, and the multi-channel voltage output is realized. According to the specific parameters of the main circuit and control circuit of the front and rear two-stage circuit, this paper makes use of the simulation tools Saber and Pspice to simulate and analyze the two-stage solution of the charger and optimize the parameters. An experimental prototype of an electric vehicle on-board charger based on 2.5kw is designed. The experimental prototype is tested, and the output voltage and ripple coefficient are up to the design requirements. The scheme designed in this paper is feasible. It provides the theoretical and experimental basis for the optimization of the product design of the rear charger.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM46;U469.72

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