相位处理在物理量测量中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-01 22:34

本文选题：相位处理　切入点：频率测量　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：相位处理理论涉及周期性信号间的相位关系、相位比对及相位检测等,在时间、频率等物理量的测量中具有重要的指导作用。相位关系是相位处理理论的基础,涉及最大公因子频率、量化相移分辨率、群周期等概念。相位比对和检测则是将相位处理应用于测量和控制的途径。这一理论结合群同步现象广泛应用于时频领域的测量中,是实现高精度时频测量的保证。不仅在时频领域,相位处理的方法也可以应用于其它物理量的测量中。相位处理可以应用在频率、相位差测量中,并且最后对长度及其变化量、声速方面的测量也给出了简单的介绍。频率测量的精度对时频领域中的其它工作有重要影响。与传统方法不同,文中提出的频率测量方法是将相位同步的概念应用于测量闸门的形成,消除了计数误差。通过实验证实了该测量方法能实现1012/s?的测量精度,并且结构简单。在航天航空领域中,相位差测量对实现相位及时间同步、实时相位差观察有重要作用。文中的相位差测量方法引入中介源,分别与参考和被测信号进行比对,利用两路相位同步形成测量闸门,消除了传统测量方法中的计数误差。通过实验证实了该测量方法能实现的测量精度为10ps,并且结构简单。相位差测量的线路和频率测量的线路相比,多了一路整形放大线路和相位重合检测线路。在长度及其变化量的测量中,通过时间-长度转换关系和相位比对将长度量转化为电压量,再利用高精度的数字电压表测量实现长度的测量。实验证实测量精度可以达到毫米量级。在声速测量中,根据声波在空气中传播的特点及其性质,通过改变两声源的传播距离并借助示波器观察传播过程中的相位变化情况,从而确定波长值进而实现对声速的测量,测量误差在0.5%以内。测量过程中对数据处理采用了简单的逐差法,在一定程度上可以减小误差。这进一步说明了相位处理技术可以广泛的应用于物理量的测量中,将物理量的测量与相位处理的方法相结合是一个新的思路,在今后的测量领域中将会是一个不可避免的发展趋势。
[Abstract]:The theory of phase processing involves the phase relation, phase comparison and phase detection between periodic signals. It plays an important role in the measurement of time, frequency and other physical quantities.Phase relation is the basis of phase processing theory, involving the concepts of maximum common factor frequency, quantized phase shift resolution, group period, and so on.Phase alignment and detection are the ways to apply phase processing to measurement and control.This theory, combined with group synchronization, is widely used in time-frequency measurement, which is the guarantee of high precision time-frequency measurement.Not only in the time and frequency domain, but also in the measurement of other physical quantities.The phase processing can be used in frequency and phase difference measurement. Finally, the measurement of length and its variation, sound velocity is also introduced briefly.The accuracy of frequency measurement has an important effect on other work in time-frequency field.Different from the traditional method, the frequency measurement method proposed in this paper applies the concept of phase synchronization to the formation of the measuring gate and eliminates the counting error.The experimental results show that the method can achieve 1012 / s?The accuracy of the measurement is simple and the structure is simple.In aerospace field, phase difference measurement plays an important role in phase and time synchronization and real-time phase difference observation.The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method is 10 pss and the structure is simple.Compared with the frequency measurement line, the phase difference measurement circuit has more shaping amplifying lines and phase coincidence detection lines.In the measurement of length and its variation, the length is converted to voltage by time-length conversion relation and phase ratio, and the length measurement is realized by high-precision digital voltmeter measurement.Experimental results show that the measurement accuracy can reach millimeter order.In the measurement of sound velocity, according to the characteristics and properties of sound wave propagation in the air, by changing the propagation distance of two sound sources and observing the phase change in the propagation process with the aid of oscilloscope, we can determine the wavelength value and then realize the measurement of sound velocity.The measurement error is within 0.5%.In the process of measurement, a simple method of data processing is adopted, which can reduce the error to a certain extent.This further shows that the phase processing technology can be widely used in the measurement of physical quantities, and it is a new idea to combine the measurement of physical quantities with the methods of phase processing.It will be an inevitable trend in the field of measurement in the future.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM933.312

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