冰箱用动磁铁式直线压缩机动态优化设计的关键问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 03:23

本文选题：直线压缩机　切入点：直线振动电机　出处：《浙江大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：出于节能与环保的要求,利用直线振荡电机驱动的直线压缩机成为下一代家用冰箱压缩机替代机型的研究热点。针对直线压缩机的设计要求和难点,本文利用多种现代设计理论和方法,展开了关于动磁铁式直线压缩机设计及优化的研究。首先为了便于制造、减小气隙磁阻,对Redlich型直线振荡电机进行了结构改进,由典型的动磁式变为动磁铁式。基于机电耦合系统动力学分析理论,确立了直线压缩机的动态优化设计方案,并根据研究需要,进行数学建模。为了对直线振荡电机进行静态分析,建立了Redlich型动磁铁式直线振荡电机的磁路模型和三维电磁场有限元模型；为了对压缩机进行动态分析,针对直线压缩机的安置方式,将压缩机的机械系统简化为一个双质量、双自由度的受迫阻尼振动模型,并与电路系统相耦合,建立了直线压缩机的机电耦合模型；为了对压缩机进行优化设计,建立了两种分别以电机总成本和零件体积为优化目标的直线振荡电机整体优化模型。利用磁路分析和有限元仿真计算的方法对动磁铁式直线振荡电机的静态特性进行定性和定量的研究。通过求解压缩机的磁路模型方程组,给出了磁链、电磁力、电感等电机参数的数学表达式,定性地分析了电机结构参数、材料性能参数以及电流和动子位移对静态特性的影响；通过求解压缩机的有限元模型,对电机内的电磁场进行了分析,精确计算了磁链和电磁力,并对磁路分析结果进行了对比和修正。为保障直线压缩机的安全运行,针对Redlich型直线振荡电机中钕铁硼材料在高温和交变磁场作用下的防失磁设计进行了研究。对永磁体在工作温度下的最大去磁工作点进行了计算,推导了利用常温下永磁材料性能间接计算工作温度下的拐点位置的计算方法,并给出了永磁体失磁的判定公式,为电机结构的优化设计提供了一个必要的安全约束条件。采用状态方程法和电磁场有限元分析相结合的仿真方法,对动磁铁式直线压缩机的动态特性展开了理论与仿真实验研究。对直线压缩机在空载、负载和撞缸等不同工作状态下的运行进行了仿真模拟,建立了电压特性曲线和频率特性曲线,从而能够对直线压缩机的工作性能和动力学特性进行预测；根据对频率特性曲线的分析,确定了利用调节频率的方式改进压缩机性能的基本准则；并分析了弹簧刚度、动子质量、汽缸直径、动子平衡位置等参数对压缩机性能的影响,为压缩机结构优化和性能改进提供了参考数据。综合考虑压缩机性能和生产成本的要求,利用多种现代设计理论和方法对直线压缩机的结构进行优化设计。利用动力学分析求解了直线振荡电机整体优化模型,对电机的永磁体和线圈进行了优化；利用电磁场有限元分析,对电机磁轭结构进行了优化,并对永磁体衬套的材料选择提出了建议；利用结构有限元分析和模态分析对弹簧支架的力学性能进行了分析,并根据分析结果进行了优化。最后,成功制造了一台压缩机样机,建立直线压缩机的性能测试系统,以空气为压缩工质,对样机在空载、负载、串联电容等不同状况下的性能进行测试,并与仿真结果进行对比分析。实验测试结果表明,在排气压力为6bar的负载状况下,测量得到样机的比功率为7-9kW/(m3/min),说明样机具有很好的节能性能；对压缩机系统进行动态参数识别,初步测量计算了系统的等效阻尼系数；并对两种不同牌号的钕铁硼永磁体进行了失磁实验。
[Abstract]:For energy saving and environmental protection requirements, the use of linear compressor driven by linear motor has become a research hotspot of alternative models for the next generation of domestic refrigerator compressor. According to the design requirements of linear compressor and difficulty, this paper use a variety of modern design theory and method on the research carried out the design and optimization of moving magnet type linear compressor.
First, in order to facilitate the manufacture, reducing the air gap reluctance to Redlich type linear oscillatory motor were improved, by moving magnet into a moving magnet. The typical electromechanical coupling dynamic system analysis based on the theory, established the dynamic optimization design of linear compressor, and according to the need of research and mathematical modeling. In order to perform static analysis the linear oscillation motor, the Redlich type moving magnet type linear oscillatory motor magnetic circuit model and finite element model; for the dynamic analysis on the compressor for the linear compressor arrangement mode, the mechanical system of the compressor is reduced to a double mass, forced vibration model of double degree of freedom coupling and with the circuit system, established the electromechanical coupling model of linear compressor; in order to optimize the design of the compressor, established two respectively to the motor assembly and parts The volume for the optimization objectives of the overall optimization of linear oscillation motor model.
Study on the method of using the magnetic circuit analysis and finite element simulation qualitatively and quantitatively on the static characteristics of moving magnet linear oscillation motor. By magnetic circuit model equation of compressor, gives the flux, electromagnetic force, mathematical expressions of parameters of inductance motor, make the analysis of motor structure parameters, material parameters and performance the current and the influence of dynamic sub displacement on static characteristic; through the finite element solution of compressor model, electromagnetic field of the motor was analyzed, the flux and the electromagnetic force is calculated accurately, and the magnetic circuit analysis results were compared and corrected.
In order to ensure the safe operation of the linear compressor, on the design of the anti magnetic NdFeB material Redlich type linear oscillatory motor in high temperature and under alternating magnetic field of permanent magnet in the working temperature of the maximum demagnetizing working point is calculated under normal temperature is deduced by the performance of permanent magnetic materials indirect position inflection point calculation of temperature calculation method, and gives the formula of the demagnetization of permanent magnets, provides a necessary condition for the security constrained optimal design of the motor structure.
The simulation method of the state equation method and finite element analysis unifies, carried out theoretical and experimental study and Simulation on dynamic characteristics of moving magnet type linear compressor. The linear compressor in no-load, load and hit the cylinder under different working conditions of operation of the simulation, a voltage characteristic curve and frequency characteristic curve thus, able to work performance and dynamic characteristics of linear compressor prediction; based on the analysis of frequency characteristic curve, to determine the basic criterion for improving compressor performance by adjusting the frequency of the way; and analyzes the spring stiffness, the mass of the rotor, cylinder diameter, impact dynamic equilibrium position and other parameters on the performance of the compressor. Provide reference data for the compressor structure optimization and performance improvement.
Considering the compressor performance and production cost, optimize the structure of linear compressor using a variety of modern design theory and method. By using the dynamic analysis to solve the optimization model of linear oscillation motor, permanent magnet motor and coils were optimized; by finite element analysis, the motor yoke structure was optimized. And put forward suggestions for material selection of permanent magnet bushing; analyzing the mechanical properties of the spring bracket by using finite element analysis and modal, and optimized according to the analysis results.
Finally, the successful manufacture of a compressor performance test system, establish a linear compressor, air compressed refrigerant, the prototype in no-load, load, etc. the performance of series capacitor under different conditions were tested and compared with the simulation results. The experimental results show that, in the exhaust pressure load condition 6bar next, the measured prototype than the power of 7-9kW/ (m3/min), that the prototype has good energy conservation performance; dynamic parameter identification of the compressor system, preliminary measuring and calculating the equivalent damping coefficient of the system; and two kinds of different grades of NdFeB permanent magnet magnetic experiment are carried out.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM925.21

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