光伏发电系统MPPT控制优化及实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 19:32

本文选题：光伏发电　切入点：最大功率点跟踪　出处：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：经济的高速发展对能源的依赖越来越大。煤、石油、天然气等不可再生的传统能源面临枯竭,急需新能源技术的发展来推动社会经济的发展。光伏发电作为新能源领域的杰出代表,有分布广泛、储存量大、使用方便等诸多优势,越来越受到人们的青睐。然而,传统光伏发电系统效率较低,成本较高,很大程度上制约了其大规模推广和应用,而最大功率点跟踪技术(MPPT)可以有效解决这一问题。经过几十年发展,光伏MPPT技术取得了长足进步,并在光伏工程领域得到广泛应用。本文围绕光伏发电最大功率点跟踪控制技术进行了以下研究。首先,基于光伏系统建模,分析了系统在光照、温度等外界环境变化情况下的输出特性；针对现有各种最大功率点跟踪算法,进行分析对比并总结其优缺点。传统的MPPT算法典型问题在于：跟踪速度较慢、最大功率点附近不稳定、外界环境突变情况下易发生误判、算法复杂而实用性差等。本文针对上述问题,对变步长导纳增量法进行研究,在分析输出功率与占空比关系的基础上,发挥占空比调节方法简便、实用的优势,从而实现快速、稳定的MPPT,并可在环境突变的情况下,避免误判情况的发生。其次,分别针对占空比扰动观测法、传统变步长导纳增量法及论文优化设计的改进型变步长导纳增量法,建立了三个MPPT控制算法模型,在外界光照突变情况下,分别进行了Matlab仿真实验,对比分析发现：在外界环境突变的情况下,改进型变步长导纳增量算法跟踪速度更快,在最大功率点附近跟踪更稳定。进而,基于改进型变步长导纳增量法,完成了MPPT控制器硬件和软件设计,利用搭建的实际光伏发电系统,对该控制器进行实验测试,结果表明：基于改进型变步长导纳增量法的MPPT控制系统对外界环境突变响应更快速,充电效率更高。最后,将该控制器与物联网控制技术初步融合,给出了太阳能路灯远程智能监控系统设计方案,实现了对太阳能照明系统远程智能监控基本功能。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of economy depends more and more on energy.Non-renewable traditional energy sources, such as coal, oil, natural gas and so on, are facing depletion, and the development of new energy technology is urgently needed to promote the development of social economy.As an outstanding representative in the field of new energy, photovoltaic power generation has many advantages, such as wide distribution, large storage, easy to use and so on, and has been more and more favored by people.However, the traditional photovoltaic power generation system has low efficiency and high cost, which to a large extent restricts its large-scale promotion and application. MPPTs can effectively solve this problem.After decades of development, photovoltaic MPPT technology has made great progress, and has been widely used in the field of photovoltaic engineering.In this paper, the following research is carried out around the maximum power point tracking control technology for photovoltaic power generation.Firstly, based on the photovoltaic system modeling, the output characteristics of the system under the circumstance of light and temperature are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the existing maximum power point tracking algorithms are analyzed and compared.The typical problems of the traditional MPPT algorithm are that the tracking speed is slow, the maximum power point is unstable, the environment is abrupt, the algorithm is complex and practical, and so on.In this paper, the variable step admittance increment method is studied to solve the above problems. On the basis of analyzing the relationship between output power and duty cycle, the method of duty cycle adjustment is simple and practical, so that it can be realized quickly.Stable MPPTs, and can avoid misjudgment in the case of environmental mutation.Secondly, three MPPT control algorithm models are established for the duty cycle perturbation observation method, the traditional variable step admittance increment method and the improved variable step size admittance increment method, which are optimized in this paper.The Matlab simulation experiments are carried out, and the results show that the improved variable step size admittance increment algorithm is faster in tracking speed and more stable in the vicinity of the maximum power point in the case of sudden change in the external environment.Then, based on the improved variable step size admittance increment method, the hardware and software design of the MPPT controller is completed, and the actual PV power generation system is used to test the controller.The results show that the MPPT control system based on the improved variable step size admittance increment method has a faster response to the sudden change of the external environment and higher charging efficiency.Finally, combining the controller with the Internet of things control technology, the design scheme of solar street lamp remote intelligent monitoring system is presented, and the basic function of remote intelligent monitoring system for solar energy lighting system is realized.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM615;TP273

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