电动汽车充电负荷频率响应控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 00:09

本文选题：电动汽车　切入点：车辆入网技术　出处：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在能源紧缺和环境污染的双重压力下，电动汽车已成为新能源汽车的主要发展方向。电动汽车规模的不断扩大，给电网的安全稳定运行带来了新的挑战和机遇。电动汽车接入电网，既可作为可控负荷，同时也可作为分布式储能单元。通过合理的控制，电动汽车可有效协助电网稳定运行。因此，在充分考虑电动汽车充电负荷特性的基础上，探讨电动汽车参与电网辅助服务的相关策略，可以提高电网的稳定运行水平及接纳新能源的能力，具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。电动汽车快速响应频率变化的特性，可以使其很好地契合了电网频率调整的需求。如何利用电动汽车充电负荷的特性来抑制电网的频率波动，提高电网运行的稳定性，成为新的研究热点。以此为出发点，本文展开了以下的研究：基于分散式的V2G模式，提出了大量且分散分布的电动汽车充电负荷参与电网智能频率响应的协调控制策略。利用电动汽车充电负荷的可控性及时间可平移性，当电网频率偏差超过一定值时，其可快速作出响应。依据电网的频率偏差程度，分级响应电网频率，合理调整和控制电动汽车的充/放电功率，实现电动汽车与电网的友好互动。所提协调控制策略采用异步、主动响应的方式，不同的电动汽车充电负荷在不同的时间节点进行响应。应用电力系统分析工具（PSAT，PowerSystem Analysis Toolbox），分别对电力系统在不同扰动情况下的频率变化情况进行了仿真分析，结果验证了所提方法的有效性。基于集中式的V2G模式，将电动汽车作为一种调频资源参与电网AGC为研究对象，充分考虑大规模电动汽车充电站/储能站调整速度快、瞬间释放功率大的特点，探讨了大规模电动汽车充电站、储能站与普通调频电源协调参与电网AGC的控制策略。依据电网的不同运行状态，设置不同的响应优先级，采用不同的控制策略，实现电动汽车、储能站与普通调频电源之间的协调配合，且充分发挥了电动汽车和储能站的优势。为验证所提控制策略的有效性，利用MATLAB/Simulink对大规模电动汽车、储能站参与AGC的两区域互联电网的频率控制与调节进行了动态仿真。本文围绕电动汽车参与电网的频率控制展开了相关的研究，分别提出了分散式和集中式电动汽车参与电网调频的相关控制策略，所做工作可以为今后电动汽车的大规模入网及其有效协助电网的安全稳定运行提供了参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:Under the dual pressure of energy shortage and environmental pollution, electric vehicles have become the main development direction of new energy vehicles.The continuous expansion of electric vehicle scale brings new challenges and opportunities to the safe and stable operation of power grid.Electric vehicle can be used as both controllable load and distributed energy storage unit.Through reasonable control, the electric vehicle can effectively assist the power grid to run stably.Therefore, on the basis of fully considering the charging load characteristics of electric vehicles, this paper discusses the relevant strategies for electric vehicles to participate in the auxiliary services of the power grid, which can improve the stable operation level of the power grid and the ability to accept new energy sources.It has important theoretical significance and application value.The characteristics of fast response to frequency change of electric vehicle make it fit well with the demand of power system frequency adjustment.How to use the characteristics of electric vehicle charging load to restrain the frequency fluctuation of electric network and improve the stability of power grid has become a new research hotspot.With this as the starting point, the following research has been carried out in this paper:Based on the distributed V2G mode, a coordinated control strategy is proposed in which a large number of distributed charging loads of electric vehicles participate in the smart frequency response of the power grid.By using the controllability of charging load and time translation of electric vehicle, it can respond quickly when the frequency deviation of electric vehicle exceeds a certain value.According to the frequency deviation degree of the electric network, the electric vehicle can adjust and control the charge / discharge power reasonably, and realize the friendly interaction between the electric vehicle and the power grid.The proposed coordinated control strategy uses asynchronous and active response, and different charging loads of electric vehicles respond at different time nodes.The power system Analysis toolbox is used to simulate the frequency variation of power system under different disturbances. The results show that the proposed method is effective.Based on the centralized V2G mode, the electric vehicle (EV) is considered as a kind of FM resource to participate in the AGC of power grid. The characteristics of large scale EV charging station / energy storage station are fully considered, such as fast adjustment speed and high instantaneous power release.This paper discusses the control strategy of large scale electric vehicle charging station, energy storage station and ordinary frequency modulation power supply.According to the different operation state of power network, setting different response priority and adopting different control strategy, the coordination between electric vehicle, energy storage station and ordinary FM power supply is realized, and the advantages of electric vehicle and energy storage station are brought into full play.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, the frequency control and regulation of large-scale electric vehicles and energy storage stations participating in AGC are simulated dynamically by using MATLAB/Simulink.In this paper, the related research on the frequency control of electric vehicles participating in power grid is carried out, and the relevant control strategies of distributed and centralized electric vehicles participating in power grid frequency modulation are put forward respectively.The work can provide a reference for the future large-scale electric vehicle network access and effective assistance for the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U469.72;TM910.6

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