矿用铅酸蓄电池充电器关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 23:07

本文选题：高频功率变换　切入点：PWM控制　出处：《安徽理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在煤矿机电运输设备中,牵引电机车处于很重要的位置,而目前铅酸蓄电池电机车在煤矿上的使用最为广泛,缘于它具有的技术成熟、使用方便、成本低、性价比高等优点。铅酸蓄电池电机车的动力来源于铅酸蓄电池组对其进行供电,铅酸蓄电池组一般由多节单体蓄电池串联或并联组成,串联结构是为了提高蓄电池组的电压,并联结构是为了增加电池的容量。一般我们使用与蓄电池配套使用的充电装置来对其进行充电,所以充电器工作性能直接影响到蓄电池的工作效率、使用性能和工作可靠性等方面,因此,蓄电池充电器装置的研究近年来越来越受到煤矿企业的广泛关注。对于目前矿用铅酸蓄电池充电器来说,它存在的问题有以下几点：一是采用模拟控制方式,致使控制不灵活,且充电模式单一化,很难接近蓄电池最佳充电曲线,严重损坏蓄电池且造成极大的能源浪费；二是很难满足蓄电池的容量要求,使得充电电压和电池电压之间压差太大,严重损坏电池且使生产成本变高；三是充电器的体积庞大,不便于移动和运输。本文就针对目前煤矿大容量铅酸蓄电池充电器的技术水平和缺点,对其进行技术改造与升级换代,研制出新型智能铅酸蓄电池充电装置,单台充电器可满足四种吨位的铅酸蓄电池的充电,且整体上对目前矿用充电器进行了改进,使之能更好的适应煤矿设备的需求。充电系统采用模块化设计模式,便于系统检测和性能扩展,为充电器设备的检修作业和系统开发提供可能。同时控制系统借助单片机实现全智能化高效率充电,它能根据蓄电池的容量及新旧使用情况灵活的设置充电曲线,这样就极大地延长了蓄电池的使用寿命且节约了能源。本论文所作的工作包括以下几个方面： 1.综合分析铅酸蓄电池的各种充电方法,最终选择符合实际应用情况的恒流恒压两阶段充电模式； 2.综合新型充电器的设计要求及其技术优势,进行充电器的主电路和控制系统的硬件电路设计,包括数据采样电路、保护电路的设计和人机接口电路等： 3.为了使蓄电池获得较好的充电曲线以及实现充电器的快速智能充电,进行控制系统软件流程图的设计； 4.对充电器进行现场测试,对充电参数做了记录,综合评价充电技术的效果,为进一步研究提出了建议。
[Abstract]:In the mechanical and electrical transport equipment in coal mine, in the very important position of traction motor car, motor car and currently used lead-acid batteries in the coal mine is the most widely used, because it has mature technology, convenient use, low cost, high performance price ratio. The power source of motor vehicles in the lead-acid battery lead-acid batteries to supply power. General lead-acid battery is composed of a plurality of monomer battery connected in series or in parallel, serial structure is in order to improve the voltage of battery, parallel structure in order to increase the capacity of the battery. Generally we use the battery charging device and with a set of use to charge the charger, so the battery working performance directly affects the work efficiency aspects the use of performance and reliability, etc. Therefore, the research of battery charger device in recent years has attracted more and more attention in coal mining enterprises.
For the current mine lead-acid battery charger, its problems are the following: one is the use of analog control mode, the control is not flexible, and the charging mode of single battery, hard to reach optimum charging curve, serious damage to the battery and cause great waste of energy; the two is very difficult to meet the requirements of the capacity of the battery. The charging voltage and the battery voltage difference is too large, serious damage to the battery and the production cost is high; the three is the size of the charger is huge, not easy to move and transport. This article aims at the technical level and the shortcomings of the present coal mine large capacity lead acid battery charger, technological transformation and upgrading of the new intelligent battery charging device, single charging lead-acid battery charger can meet the four tons, and the whole of the mine charger has been improved, so that To better meet the needs of coal mine equipment. The charging system adopts modular design mode, convenient for system testing and performance expansion, may provide for the equipment maintenance and charger system development. At the same time control system with MCU intelligent charging efficiency, it can according to the capacity of old and new batteries use flexible set charging curve this will greatly prolong the service life and saving energy. The work of this thesis includes the following aspects:
1. comprehensive analysis of various charging methods of lead-acid battery, and finally choose the two stage charging mode of constant current and constant pressure, which conforms to the actual application situation.
2., the design requirements and technical advantages of the new charger are introduced. The hardware circuit design of the main circuit and control system of the charger is designed, including data sampling circuit, protection circuit design and human-machine interface circuit.
3. in order to make the battery get a better charging curve and realize the quick and intelligent charging of the charger, the design of the software flow chart of the control system is carried out.
4. the charger is tested in the field, the charging parameters are recorded, the effect of charging technology is evaluated synthetically, and some suggestions are put forward for further research.

【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TD64;TM912

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