铁塔加工过程钢材材质在线检测系统的研发

发布时间：2018-04-08 21:21

本文选题：钢材材质　切入点：声音信号　出处：《河北科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：角钢是铁塔加工的必备原料,若不同材质的钢材混用,将对铁塔的强度、韧性、硬度产生很大影响。常用的角钢材质一般为Q235和Q345,在铁塔加工过程中需要对角钢进行夹紧、冲孔、剪切等操作,角钢在冲孔时会发出一定的声音,不同材质的钢材发出的声音不同,本文提出利用声音信号在线检测钢材材质。声音信号因具有在线实时性好、采集方便等特点,使其在工程上有着非常广泛的应用。因此,利用声音信号开发一套钢材材质的在线检测系统具有很好的实用价值。本文针对铁塔加工过程中角钢在加工时所发出的声音信号,开发了一套钢材材质在线检测系统。首先,完成了系统的总体设计,包括技术路线的选择、方案的确定等。然后,对Q235和Q345两种材质角钢在加工时产生的声音信号进行分析,找到了两种识别方法,分别为利用声音信号能量比识别钢材材质和基于梅尔频率倒谱参数(MFCC)的动态时间规划(DTW)识别方法。并且,在角钢的加工现场采集了一定量声音信号样本,验证了两种检测方法的正确性和可靠性。最后,完成了对整个钢材材质在线检测系统的开发,该系统包括硬件系统和软件系统两部分。其中硬件系统的设计包括声音传感器、光电开关和数据采集卡等关键设备的选择和接口的实现;软件系统的设计是利用LabVIEW软件开发平台和MATLAB软件完成了各种模块功能实现的程序编写。该系统的软件模块功能丰富,其中,数据采集模块可以将信号通过所搭建测硬件系统传输到计算机中,数据处理模块可以对声音信号应用检测方法进行处理并将信号特征参数和检测结果实时显示,数据存储模块可以将采集的数据存储到电子表格,可以进一步进行分析。同时,将系统集成并去加工现场进行了测试。该系统在现场测试结果表明,其使用方便、功能全面、在线实时性好,为钢材材质的检测提供了一种有效手段。在加工过程中能够对每一根角钢进行在线检测,同时不会破坏角钢,解决了传统检测方法效率低、检测周期长,难以适应生产需要的问题,这样将能有效避免问题角钢的出现,适应铁塔加工企业大规模生产的需求。该系统如果能够推广,将有助于提高输电的安全运行水平。
[Abstract]:Angle steel is the necessary raw material for tower processing. If the steel with different materials is mixed, it will have a great influence on the strength, toughness and hardness of the tower.The commonly used angle steel materials are generally Q235 and Q345. During the processing of the iron tower, the angle steel needs to be clamped, punched, shearing and so on.In this paper, the sound signal is used to detect steel material on line.Sound signal is widely used in engineering because of its good real-time on line and convenient collection.Therefore, it has good practical value to develop a steel material online detection system using sound signal.In this paper, an on-line testing system of steel material is developed for the sound signal of angle steel in the process of tower processing.Firstly, the overall design of the system is completed, including the choice of technical route and the determination of the scheme.Then, the sound signals produced by Q235 and Q345 angle steel are analyzed, and two identification methods are found.The method of dynamic time planning (DTW) recognition is based on the sound signal energy ratio and the Mel frequency cepstrum parameter MFCC. respectively.At the same time, a certain amount of sound signal samples are collected in the processing site of angle steel, which verifies the correctness and reliability of the two detection methods.Finally, the development of the whole on-line testing system of steel material is completed. The system includes two parts: hardware system and software system.The design of hardware system includes the selection of key equipment such as sound sensor, optoelectronic switch and data acquisition card, and the realization of interface.The design of software system is to use LabVIEW software development platform and MATLAB software to complete the programming of various module functions.The software module of the system is rich in function, and the data acquisition module can transmit the signal to the computer through the built hardware system.The data processing module can process the sound signal and display the signal characteristic parameters and detection results in real time. The data storage module can store the collected data into the spreadsheet and can be further analyzed.At the same time, the system is integrated and tested.The results of field test show that the system is convenient in use, comprehensive in function and good in real time on line. It provides an effective method for the detection of steel materials.In the process of processing, every angle steel can be tested on line without destroying angle steel, which solves the problems of low efficiency, long detection period and difficult to adapt to the need of production, which can effectively avoid the emergence of problem angle steel.To meet the needs of large-scale production of iron tower processing enterprises.If the system can be popularized, it will help to improve the safe operation level of transmission.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM75

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