异步电机矢量控制变频技术的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-04-11 08:27

本文选题：异步电机 + 矢量控制　；参考：《大连理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：变频调速技术是企业节能减排、改善工艺流程、提高生产效率的主要技术之一。随着电力电子器件、微处理器以及交流电机控制理论的持续发展,变频调速技术还将会取得巨大进步。研究和开发高性能的矢量控制变频调速系统对于提高异步电机的调速范围、调速精度以及动态响应能力均具有重要意义。首先对变频调速技术的发展和现状,以及异步电机调速策略进行了介绍。从异步电机数学模型入手,通过坐标变换原理简化电机模型,采用转子磁场定向技术和无速度传感器技术构建了异步电机矢量控制调速系统结构。在该系统中,引入改进电压模型法准确观测转子磁链的幅值和相位,并使用PI自适应速度估算方法准确获得转子转速。为使电机在起动、制动以及速度或负载大范围突变时具有良好的动态响应能力,通过调节器的设计,实现了电流和速度闭环系统的校正。阐述了电压空间矢量调制的原理,并给出了其实现过程,在此基础上,对逆变器死区效应进行了分析,通过校正基本电压矢量作用时间进行了死区补偿。针对电机参数的变化对无速度传感器矢量控制系统的影响,利用变频器自身资源,通过SVPWM技术控制逆变器向异步电机施加直流或者交流信号激励,通过检测和处理响应信号获得较精确的电机参数。在研究了系统模型和系统构建方法后,详细介绍了以DSP为控制核心的矢量控制变频器的硬件组成结构,并给出系统各部分软件实现流程。最后,在所搭建的变频器实验平台上进行了各项性能和功能测试,实验结果证明所设计的矢量控制变频器具有良好的控制性能,与传统的通用型变频器相比,该设计使异步电机拥有更加良好的调速范围、动态响应能力和抗干扰能力。
[Abstract]:Frequency conversion technology is one of the main technologies to save energy and reduce emission, improve technological process and improve production efficiency.With the continuous development of power electronic devices, microprocessors and AC motor control theory, frequency conversion speed regulation technology will make great progress.The research and development of high performance vector control variable frequency speed regulation system is of great significance to improve the speed range, speed control precision and dynamic response ability of asynchronous motor.Firstly, the development and present situation of frequency conversion speed regulation technology and the speed regulation strategy of asynchronous motor are introduced.Starting from the mathematical model of asynchronous motor, the motor model is simplified by coordinate transformation principle, and the structure of vector control speed regulation system of asynchronous motor is constructed by using rotor flux orientation technology and speed sensorless technology.In this system, the amplitude and phase of rotor flux are accurately measured by using the improved voltage model method, and the rotor speed is accurately obtained by using Pi adaptive velocity estimation method.In order to make the motor have good dynamic response ability when starting, braking and sudden change of speed or load in a large range, the current and speed closed-loop system are corrected by the design of regulator.In this paper, the principle of voltage space vector modulation is described, and its realization process is given. On the basis of this, the dead-time effect of inverter is analyzed, and the dead-time compensation is carried out by correcting the action time of basic voltage vector.In view of the influence of motor parameters on the speed sensorless vector control system, the inverter is controlled by SVPWM technology to apply DC or AC signal excitation to the asynchronous motor by using the inverter's own resources.More accurate motor parameters are obtained by detecting and processing response signals.After studying the system model and system construction method, the hardware structure of vector control inverter with DSP as the control core is introduced in detail, and the software realization flow of each part of the system is given.Finally, the performance and function of the inverter are tested on the experimental platform. The experimental results show that the designed vector control inverter has good control performance, compared with the traditional universal inverter.This design makes asynchronous motor have better speed range, dynamic response ability and anti-interference ability.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM343

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