永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制的转子初始位置检测

发布时间：2018-04-11 12:10

本文选题：永磁同步电机 + 无速度传感器　；参考：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：永磁同步电动机具有体积小、控制特性好、功率因数高、可靠性高等优点,使其在工业领域及民用方面的应用日益广泛。永磁同步电机转子初始位置的准确性是影响其能否成功启动和启动力矩大小的决定性因素，若不能准确检测，则会导致电机启动电流过大、启动反转甚至无法启动等问题。在传统的永磁同步电机运动控制系统中，转子位置信息是通过机械式传感器来获得，然而机械式传感器在价格、工作环境和可靠性等方面存在一些制约因素，因此永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制系统中转子初始位置检测策略的研究具有较大的工程意义。本文主要针对面贴式永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制的转子初始位置检测问题展开相关研究。首先陈述了永磁同步电机及其相关控制的发展现况和其转子初始位置检测的工程价值，并阐述了永磁同步电机控制系统所需的基本理论知识，分析了永磁同步电机矢量控制及基于滑模观测器的无速度传感器控制。然后主要研究永磁同步电机无速度传感器控制的转子初始位置检测方法，对常用的预定位法、高频信号注入法和电压矢量注入法进行了研究，通过数学模型及相关理论推导其原理并分析其优劣点。重点对电压矢量注入检测面贴式永磁同步电机转子初始位置的方法展开深入研究。在分析了利用绕组电感饱和效应来检测面贴式永磁同步电机转子初始位置角有效性的基础上，提出电压矢量注入检测方法，并针对传统电压矢量注入检测方法准确性和可靠性低的问题，提出在处理第二波电压矢量时，利用反方向电感规律增加限制条件，且第二波电压矢量后，增大电压矢量的作用时间以增大电流峰值，从而增强转子增去磁效果和各矢量电流的差异性，共同作用以提高转子初始位置检测的精确可靠性。最后构建了以TI公司的TMS320F28335芯片为核心的实验平台，给出了本文提出的面贴式永磁同步电机转子初始位置检测方法实验的数据和结果。利用预定位方法来佐证实验检测准确性，，分析对比电压矢量注入法改进前后的检测结果。实验结果验证了本文分析设计的可行性和有效性，表明改进后的检测方法不仅能保证电机转子完全静止，而且大幅度增强了初始位置角检测的可靠性，检测精度从原有的7.5°提高到1.8°，具有较大的工程实用价值。
[Abstract]:Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has many advantages such as small size, good control characteristics, high power factor and high reliability.The accuracy of the rotor initial position of PMSM is the decisive factor to influence its successful starting and starting torque. If it can not be detected accurately, it will lead to the problems such as too large starting current, starting reversal or even unable to start.In the traditional PMSM motion control system, the rotor position information is obtained through the mechanical sensor. However, the mechanical sensor has some constraints in price, working environment and reliability.Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to study the detection strategy of rotor initial position in the sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM).This paper mainly focuses on the rotor initial position detection problem of surface mount permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with sensorless speed control.Firstly, the development status of PMSM and its related control and the engineering value of rotor initial position detection are described, and the basic theoretical knowledge of PMSM control system is expounded.Vector control of permanent magnet synchronous motor and sensorless speed control based on sliding mode observer are analyzed.Secondly, the paper mainly studies the rotor initial position detection method of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with sensorless speed control, and studies the commonly used preset position method, high frequency signal injection method and voltage vector injection method.Its principle is deduced by mathematical model and related theory, and its merits and demerits are analyzed.The method of detecting the initial rotor position of surface mount permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with voltage vector injection is studied in detail.Based on the analysis of the effectiveness of detecting the rotor initial position angle of the surface mount permanent magnet synchronous motor by using the winding inductance saturation effect, a voltage vector injection detection method is proposed.Aiming at the problem of low accuracy and reliability of traditional voltage vector injection detection method, it is proposed that when dealing with the second wave voltage vector, the limitation condition is increased by using the law of the reverse direction inductor, and the second wave voltage vector is obtained after the second wave voltage vector is processed.Increasing the working time of the voltage vector to increase the peak value of the current, thus enhancing the demagnetization effect of the rotor and the difference of the current of each vector, and working together to improve the accuracy and reliability of the rotor initial position detection.Finally, an experimental platform based on TI's TMS320F28335 chip is constructed, and the experimental data and results of the proposed method for detecting the rotor initial position of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are presented in this paper.The predefined bit method is used to verify the accuracy of the experiment, and the results before and after the improvement of the voltage vector injection method are analyzed and compared.The experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the analysis and design in this paper. It is shown that the improved detection method can not only guarantee the motor rotor to be completely static, but also greatly enhance the reliability of the initial position angle detection.The detection accuracy is improved from 7.5 掳to 1.8 掳, which is of great practical value in engineering.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM341

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