户用光伏逆变系统的仿真与设计

发布时间：2018-04-16 00:00

本文选题：太阳能 + 蓄电池　；参考：《郑州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代社会的进步以及经济发展的推进力以能源为根本,能源也是人类日常生活不可缺少的物质保障。然而当前人类虽然能享受着能源给予的各项福利,但是还面临着一系列不可避免的诸如能源不足和化石能源过度消耗以及其带来的环境质量破坏等能源安全危机,严重妨碍人类生活和进步。所以我们要加快新能源的开发,提高科技水平,才能在资源匮乏和环境问题突出的今天处理好社会发展的可持续问题。太阳能是上天赐予我们一个纯天然的可使用量巨大的可循环再生的资源,它使用过程中具有洁净、简单易得、藏量巨大的特点。它的使用能给环境保护、全球变暖和资源匮乏现状提供一个高效处理的方式,是当今替代不可再生能源较为优越的资源之一。此外,采用电网进行电能的输送往往会受到地域的限制,从而造成部分山区以及偏远地区无电可用的情况,所以本文针对户用光伏逆变电源展开研究,研制出的性能稳定、优越的系统必将为改善人们的生活起到极致的促进作用。针对户用光伏逆变电源系统,笔者对其主要的四个部件进行了简单地介绍,其中太阳能电池作为最关键的一个部件,本文着重研究了其特性,由于其具有价格高昂和输出非线性这两个问题,为使太阳能得到尽可能地利用,以便提升工作效率并降低成本,本文对最大功率跟踪法进行了研究。为此,本文通过软件对这两个方面均进行模拟研究,用理论来指导模型,亦反过来用模型验证理论。但从另一方面来看,蓄电池因其容易受到损伤与破坏的特性,是所有环节中最脆弱的一部分,因此可以说蓄电池的性能优劣对于系统整体的稳定性起到至关重要的作用。本设计根据系统在温度与光照两个方面的特性,充电过程中额外补充了涓流与浮充两个阶段,即为四阶段充电法,该方法可以实现充电过程的最优化。本文DC-DC变换器使用了BOOST电路,主要是由电感、二极管等部件组成,DC-DC变换部分的目的是实现功率。DC-AC逆变部分的电路,主要是利用了全桥逆变的方式,其主要是通过IGBT开关管,以及并联的二极管等组成的。为了可以保证系统的各类电源可以得到足够的芯片工作电源,本文的辅助电源设计活动中主要使用了Topswitch器件来帮助,电池组件的输出电压就是输入的太阳能电池电压。由于EMI信号在输出信号的时候,会对电磁环境带来比较严重的污染,同时也会严重地干扰到电子产品和通信设备,本文分析了其中的电池干扰问题,并提出了这一问题的产生原因,并给出了相应的解决策略。本文选取了TI公司的DSP(TMS320F2407 A)来充当电路中的主控制芯片。笔者以上面的设计为基础,最终将一套700W的户用光伏逆变电源系统开发了出来,试验结果表面,系统有着比较好的运行效果,很多预期设计和指标都比较相符。
[Abstract]:The progress of modern society and the propelling force of economic development are based on energy, which is also an indispensable material guarantee for human daily life.However, although mankind can enjoy the benefits of energy, it still faces a series of inevitable energy security crises, such as insufficient energy, excessive consumption of fossil energy and environmental quality damage.It is a serious obstacle to human life and progress.Therefore, we should speed up the development of new energy and raise the level of science and technology, so that we can deal with the sustainable problem of social development well today with the shortage of resources and the outstanding environmental problems.Solar energy is a pure natural renewable resource which can be used in large quantities. It has the characteristics of clean, simple and easy to obtain, and huge storage in the process of use.Its use can provide an efficient way to deal with environmental protection, global warming and resource scarcity. It is one of the superior resources to replace non-renewable energy.In addition, the use of electric power grid is often limited by the region, resulting in some mountain areas and remote areas where there is no electricity, so this paper studies the household photovoltaic inverter power supply, the performance of the development is stable,Superior systems are bound to play an extremely important role in improving people's lives.For the household PV inverter power system, the author briefly introduces its four main components, among which the solar cell as the most critical component, this paper focuses on its characteristics.Due to its high price and nonlinear output, the maximum power tracking method is studied in this paper in order to maximize the utilization of solar energy in order to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost.In this paper, the two aspects are simulated by software, and the theory is used to guide the model, and in turn, the theory of model verification is used.But on the other hand, the battery is the most vulnerable part of all links because of its easy damage and damage, so it can be said that the performance of the battery plays a vital role in the overall stability of the system.According to the characteristics of the system in temperature and light, the trickle and floating charging stages are added in the charging process, that is, the four-stage charging method. This method can realize the optimization of the charging process.In this paper, BOOST circuit is used in DC-DC converter, which is composed of inductor, diode and other components. The purpose of this converter is to realize the circuit of power. DC-AC inverter part. It mainly uses the full-bridge inverter mode, which is mainly through the IGBT switch tube.And parallel diodes, etc.In order to ensure that all kinds of power supply of the system can get enough chip power supply, Topswitch devices are mainly used in the auxiliary power design activities. The output voltage of the battery module is the input solar cell voltage.Since the EMI signal will bring serious pollution to the electromagnetic environment when it outputs the signal, it will also seriously interfere with the electronic products and communication equipment. This paper analyzes the battery interference problem.The causes of this problem are put forward, and the corresponding solutions are given.In this paper, TI's DSP(TMS320F2407 A is chosen as the main control chip in the circuit.On the basis of the above design, the author has developed a set of 700W photovoltaic inverter power supply system. The test results show that the system has a good operation effect, and many expected designs and specifications are in accordance with each other.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM464

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