变速运行的定子双绕组异步发电机系统研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 09:25

本文选题：定子双绕组异步发电机 + 变速　；参考：《南京航空航天大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：异步电机因具有结构简单、运行可靠、成本低、维护方便等优点,作为电动机被广泛用于各类调速、牵引、驱动等场合。根据电机可逆原理,异步电机当然也可发电运行,当发电机使用。异步电机发电技术应用最广泛、最重要的两个领域就是风力发电领域和独立电源领域。近年来,这两个领域发展都很快,也越来越受重视,而且还出现了许多新的需求,这既为异步发电机系统带来了更多的机遇,同时也对其提出了一些新的挑战。为适应海上风力发电和大型飞机变频交流电源的发展,并满足其对发电系统的新需求,本文对变速运行的新型定子双绕组异步发电机(DWIG)系统进行了深入细致的研究。该发电机的转子为鼠笼型,是天然无刷结构,简单坚固,其定子上布置有两套绕组,一套称为功率绕组,接有励磁电容,可直接输出恒压变频交流电能或经整流输出直流电能;另一套称为控制绕组,经滤波电感接有静止励磁变换器(SEC),用以调节发电机励磁无功。本文具体研究内容和成果主要包括以下几方面:(1)DWIG数学模型建立了DWIG在三相静止A-B-C坐标系和三相正交旋转d-q-0坐标系下的数学模型,能满足不同电能输出形式的DWIG发电机系统的研究需要。(2)变速运行的DWIG发电系统控制策略为进一步丰富和完善DWIG发电系统的电压控制理论,拓宽其应用范围,提出了一种与之相适应的转差频率控制策略,它利用控制绕组侧SEC来快速改变施加在控制绕组上的电压的频率和幅值,以对控制绕组磁链旋转速度和幅值进行快速调节,进而改变发电机的转差频率和励磁无功,实现在调节发电机无功的同时,还能主动对发电机的有功变化加以控制,使系统输入、输出功率快速平衡,从而达到改善系统动静态性能的目的。该控制策略实现起来较为简单,无需复杂的坐标变换和影响动态性能的电流环,既能适应直流输出,也能适应变频交流输出。样机实验结果表明,该控制策略的动静态性能要优于现有的三种控制策略。(3)变速运行的DWIG发电系统励磁电容和滤波电感的优化选取通过分析控制绕组无功电流变化规律,获得了变速运行的DWIG发电系统励磁电容优化的一般原则,即保证控制绕组无功电流正向最大值和负向最小值的绝对值相等,但由于不同应用场合中DWIG发电系统的控制绕组无功电流变化规律有所不同,相应地励磁电容优化的具体原则也有所区别,并对此进行了分析。变速运行的DWIG发电系统滤波电感的选取除满足较快的电流响应速度和较强的电流脉动抑制能力这两个基本要求之外,还应保证励磁变换器能提供足够大的无功电流,其具体优化方法是,按电流响应的快速性和控制绕组最大无功电流来确定滤波电感的上限值;按抑制电流脉动能力来确定滤波电感的下限值。样机实验结果表明,按所提优化方法选取的励磁电容和滤波电感,不仅能保证系统在一定的变速范围内稳定运行,而且还实现了控制绕组无功容量的最小化,能有效减小SEC容量。(4)宽变速运行的DWIG直流发电系统及其在风力发电中的应用针对扩大发电系统能输出额定电压的转速范围的迫切需求,提出了一种宽变速运行的DWIG直流发电系统。分析了该发电系统的拓扑结构及高转速、低转速两种运行模式的工作原理;推导并获得了控制绕组和功率绕组之间的匝数比关系;分析了低转速运行模式下输出电压的泵升原理和控制方法;提出了一种基于控制绕组绕组磁链定向的宽变速运行的控制策略,并有效解决了高转速、低转速两种运行模式下控制策略的兼容性和平滑过渡问题。为能有效利用低风速区的风能,对所提出的宽变速运行的DWIG直流发电系统低速轻载运行时效率优化问题进行了研究。在分析DWIG效率优化控制基本原理的基础上,提出了一种基于DWIG损耗模型的效率优化控制策略,并给出了具体实现方法。样机实验结果表明,该发电系统能在包括低转速区在内的宽转速范围内输出恒定的额定电压;所提出的效率优化控制策略能大幅提高系统低速轻载运行时的效率;将该发电系统应用于风力发电中,不仅能实现宽风速范围内发电,而且还能有效利用低风速区的风能。(5)大型飞机用DWIG变频交流发电系统带不同负载的运行性能针对大型飞机变频交流电源的特点和要求,提出了一种大型飞机用DWIG变频交流发电系统方案,并对其带不同负载的运行性能进行了研究。为提高DWIG变频交流发电系统带感性和容性负载时的运行性能,尤其是动态性能,提出了一种含负载无功信息的转差频率控制策略,并给出了具体实现方法。样机仿真和实验结果均表明,采用所提出的控制策略,系统带感性负载和容性负载时具有良好的动静态性能,能满足美军标MIL-STD-704F的要求。针对带不对称负载的DWIG变频交流发电系统的特殊性,以对称分量法为基础,提出了一种基于负载三端口网络模型的不对称分析方法,并给出了具体实现步骤,实现了对该发电系统带不对称负载运行性能的定量分析。在典型阻—容型复合不对称负载情况下,样机实验结果表明,该发电系统对不对称负载有很好的适应能力,能满足美军标MIL-STD-704F的要求。另外,还在该阻—容型复合不对称负载情况下,利用所提出的不对称分析方法,分析了关键电机参数对输出电压不平衡的影响。
[Abstract]:Asynchronous motor has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, low cost, convenient maintenance and so on. As an electric motor, it is widely used in various kinds of speed regulating, traction, driving and other occasions. According to the principle of reversible motor, asynchronous motor can also generate electricity. When the generator is used, the application of induction motor is the most widely used, the two most important field is the wind. In the field of power generation and independent power supply. In recent years, these two areas have developed rapidly, and are becoming more and more important, and there are many new needs, which have brought more opportunities for asynchronous generator system and also put forward some new challenges. In this paper, a new type of stator winding asynchronous generator (DWIG) system has been studied in detail. The rotor of the generator is a squirrel cage type, a natural brushless structure, simple and solid, with two sets of windings arranged on the stator, a set of power windings, and excitation capacitors. It can directly output constant voltage variable frequency alternating current energy or rectified output DC power; the other is called control winding, and the filter inductor is connected to static excitation converter (SEC) to adjust the generator excitation reactive power. This paper mainly includes the following aspects: (1) the DWIG mathematical model establishes the DWIG stationary A-B-C coordinate in three phase The mathematical model of the system and the three-phase orthogonal rotating d-q-0 coordinate system can satisfy the research needs of the DWIG generator system with different electrical energy output. (2) the control strategy of the DWIG generation system of the variable speed operation is to further enrich and improve the voltage control theory of the DWIG power generation system, and to broaden its application range. The differential frequency control strategy uses the control winding side SEC to quickly change the frequency and amplitude of the voltage applied to the control winding, so as to quickly adjust the rotation speed and amplitude of the magnetic chain of the control winding, and then change the generator's conversion frequency and excitation reactive power, and can also be active to the generator while regulating the generator's reactive power. In order to improve the dynamic and static performance of the system, the system input and output power are balanced rapidly to achieve the purpose of improving the dynamic and static performance of the system. The control strategy is simple, without complex coordinate transformation and the current loop that affects the dynamic performance, it can adapt to the DC output and can also adapt to the AC output. The experimental results show that The dynamic and static performance of the control strategy is better than the existing three control strategies. (3) the optimization of the excitation capacitance and the filter inductance of the DWIG power generation system of the variable speed operation is to obtain the general principle of the excitation capacitance optimization of the variable speed DWIG power generation system by analyzing the variation of the reactive current of the control winding, that is, the reactive power of the control winding is guaranteed. The absolute value of the flow forward maximum and the negative minimum value is equal, but because of the variation of the reactive current of the control winding of the DWIG power generation system in different applications, the specific principle of the corresponding excitation capacitance optimization is also different, and the selection of the filter inductance of the DWIG power generation system of the variable speed operation is satisfied except for the selection of the filter inductance. In addition to the two basic requirements of fast current response speed and strong current pulsation suppression, the excitation converter should also ensure that the excitation converter can provide sufficient reactive current. The specific optimization method is to determine the upper limit of the filter inductor according to the fast response of the current response and the maximum reactive current of the control winding; and the ability to suppress the current pulsation. To determine the lower limit of the filter inductor, the experimental results show that the excitation capacitance and the filter inductance selected by the proposed optimization method can not only ensure the stable operation of the system in a certain speed range, but also achieve the minimization of the reactive power capacity of the control windings, and can reduce the SEC capacity effectively. (4) the DWIG DC power generation system with wide variable speed operation. The application of the system and its application in wind power generation is in view of the urgent need to expand the speed range of the rated voltage of the power generation system. A DWIG DC power generation system with wide variable speed operation is proposed. The topology of the power generation system and the working principle of two operating modes of high speed and low speed are analyzed, and the control winding and work are derived and obtained. The relation between the turn number ratio between the rate windings, the pump lifting principle and the control method of the output voltage under the low speed operation mode are analyzed, and a control strategy based on the flux orientation of the winding winding is proposed, and the compatibility and smooth transition of the two operating modes under high speed and low speed are effectively solved. In order to effectively utilize wind energy in low wind speed area, the problem of efficiency optimization in low speed and light load operation of DWIG DC power generation system with wide variable speed is studied. Based on the analysis of the basic principle of DWIG efficiency optimization control, an efficiency optimization control strategy based on DWIG loss model is proposed, and the concrete realization formula is given. The experimental results show that the power generation system can output a constant rated voltage within a wide speed range, including low speed zones, and the proposed efficiency optimization control strategy can greatly improve the efficiency of the system at low speed and light load, and the power generation system can be applied to wind power generation, not only in wide wind speed range, but also in wind power generation. And it can also effectively utilize wind energy in low wind speed area. (5) a large aircraft DWIG inverter AC power generation system is proposed for large aircraft with the characteristics and requirements of the variable frequency AC power supply of large aircraft for large aircraft with DWIG variable frequency AC power generation system, and the operation performance of the large aircraft with different loads is studied. In order to improve the performance of the DWIG variable frequency AC power generation system with inductive and capacitive load, especially the dynamic performance, a transfer frequency control strategy with load reactive information is proposed, and the concrete realization method is given. The simulation and experimental results of the prototype show that the proposed control strategy is adopted for the system with perceptual load and capacitive load. With good dynamic and static performance, it can meet the requirements of the U.S. military standard MIL-STD-704F. Based on the symmetry component method, an asymmetric analysis method based on the load three port network model is proposed in view of the particularity of the DWIG variable frequency AC power generation system with asymmetrical load, and the concrete realization steps are given, and the power generation system is realized. The quantitative analysis of the operating performance of unsymmetrical loads. The experimental results show that the power generation system has good adaptability to the asymmetric load and can meet the requirements of the US military standard MIL-STD-704F under the typical resistance and capacitive asymmetrical load. The influence of key motor parameters on output voltage imbalance is analyzed.

【学位授予单位】：南京航空航天大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM31

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