基于高速摄像的风力机叶片结冰实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 18:24

本文选题：风力机 + 叶片　；参考：《东北农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：风力发电机放置在低温地区的时候,其叶片的表面会被冰、霜所附着,这种现象对风力机的的实际应用率有较大的影响,有时还会造成整机瘫痪,严重的也会引发事故。因此,研究风力机其叶片表面附冰对风力机自身性能的影响就具备比较重要的意义。本研究利用风洞结冰实验的方法,对在不同条件下的风力机叶片表面结冰现象进行了研究。为探究风力机叶片表面的结冰的规律,选用NACA0018、NACA7715、NACA5520三种,选取了两种风速,分别为U=3m/s和U=6m/s。应用高速摄影装置进行实验段录制,并且通过计算机进行信息采集和处理。试验中风洞口处竖直方向上,均匀排列了四个喷水喷头,液滴粒径具备可控性,冬季进行实验时,室外的低温空气由风洞尾部吸入,并从风洞口伴随液滴一同吹出,使低温液滴与试验用叶片表面撞击,并产生结冰,测试了不同风速、迎风攻角等条件下,叶片表面结冰的分布情况,某一时间段内叶片表面结冰速率的情况。分析了风速、温度等环境因素,翼型、攻角、叶表温度等自身因素对叶片表面结冰分布、生长速率的影响。主要研究结果如下： 1)叶片表面结冰情况受风速的影响在这两种风速下,对NACA0018、NACA5520、NACA7715三种翼型进行风洞结冰实验,针对这两种风速对叶片表面结冰分布、叶片前缘迎风处结冰速率、叶片表面结冰侧面截面积进行了测量与分析,3m/s和6m/s风速下叶片前沿迎风点处结冰速率3m/s大于6m/s;风速高低对叶片表面结冰的分布是存在影响的。 2)叶片表面结冰受迎风攻角的影响叶片表面的结冰现象,从其迎风点处开始出现冰层,随时间推移,冰层逐渐变厚。结冰分布情况受叶片迎风攻角不同的影响下也各有不同。本实验共选取了7种角度,分别为α=0。、α=10°、α=100、α=200、α=-200、α=30°、a=-300。在这7种角度下,对NACA0018、NACA5520、NACA7715三种翼型进行风洞结冰实验,同样对这7种角度下,叶片表面结冰分布、叶片前缘迎风处结冰速率、叶片表面结冰侧面截面积进行了测量与分析,攻角在-30°～30°之间变化时,无论正负角度,以0°为基准,攻角角度偏转小,则叶片表面结冰总面积偏小；攻角角度偏转大,则叶片表面结冰总面积偏大。此外,还利用风洞实验对风力机的导流罩结冰现象进行了测试和分析。实验水滴流量分2种：0.5L/min和1L/min,风速为9种,从4m/s-12m/s,间隔lm/s。实验获得了在不同条件下的导流罩结冰分布,在相同水滴流量情况下,随着风速的增加,导流罩的结冰率呈增大的趋势；在同一风速条件下,大水滴流量下的导流罩的结冰率要比小水滴流量的大,而且这种趋势在低风速时较为明显。此研究对风力机叶片表面附冰后的除冰研究打下基础。
[Abstract]:When the wind turbine is placed in the low temperature area, the surface of the blade will be attached by ice and frost. This phenomenon has great influence on the actual application rate of the wind turbine, sometimes it will cause the whole machine to be paralyzed, and the serious will also cause the accident. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the influence of icing on the blade surface of wind turbine. In this paper, the ice phenomenon on the blade surface of wind turbine under different conditions is studied by using the method of wind tunnel icing experiment. In order to study the rule of ice formation on the blade surface of wind turbine, three kinds of NACA0018, NACA7715 and NACA5520 were selected, and two kinds of wind speed, U=3m/s and UH6 m / s, were selected. The experiment section is recorded by high-speed photography device, and the information is collected and processed by computer. In the vertical direction at the entrance of the test stroke, four sprinklers were arranged evenly, and the droplet size was controllable. When the experiment was carried out in winter, the outdoor low temperature air was inhaled from the tail of the wind tunnel and blown out with the droplets from the wind hole. The cryogenic droplets were impinged on the blade surface and ice was produced. The ice distribution on the blade surface was measured under different wind speed and attack angle, and the ice formation rate of the blade surface in a certain period of time was measured. The effects of environmental factors such as wind speed, temperature, airfoil, attack angle and leaf surface temperature on the ice distribution and growth rate of blade surface were analyzed. The main findings are as follows: 1) the ice formation on the blade surface is affected by the wind speed. Under these two kinds of wind speed, the wind tunnel icing experiments were carried out on three airfoils of NACA0018, NACA5520 and NACA7715. According to the ice formation distribution on the surface of the blade and the ice formation rate at the front edge of the blade, the two wind speeds were used to test the ice formation in the wind tunnel of NACA0018 / NACA5520 / NACA7715. The ice formation rate (3m/s) at the upwind point of the blade front is greater than 6 m / s under the wind speed of 3 m / s and 6m/s, and the wind speed has an effect on the distribution of the ice formation on the blade surface. 2) Ice-forming on the blade surface is affected by the attack angle of upwind. The ice on the blade surface began to appear at its upwind point, and the ice became thicker over time. The ice distribution is influenced by the attack angle of the blade. In this experiment, 7 kinds of angles were selected, which were 伪 0., 10 掳, 100, 200, 200, 30 掳, respectively. Under these seven angles, the wind tunnel icing experiments of NACA0018 / NACA5520 / NACA7715 were carried out. The ice distribution on the blade surface, the ice formation rate at the front edge of the blade and the cross section area of the icing side of the blade surface were also measured and analyzed under these seven angles. When the angle of attack varies from -30 掳to 30 掳, no matter if the angle of attack is positive or negative, if the angle of attack is small, the total area of icing on the blade surface is smaller, and the total area of icing on the surface of the blade is larger if the angle of attack is large. In addition, the wind tunnel experiment is used to test and analyze the ice phenomenon of the wind turbine. The experimental water droplet flow is divided into two types: 0.5 L / min and 1 L / min, and the wind speed is 9, from 4 m / s to 12 m / s, at intervals of 1 m / s. The ice distribution of the cover under different conditions is obtained. Under the same water droplet flow rate, the ice formation rate of the cover increases with the increase of wind speed, and under the same wind speed, the ice forming rate of the cover increases with the increase of the velocity of water droplet. The ice formation rate of the shield under large droplet flow is higher than that of small drop flow, and this trend is more obvious at low wind speed. This study lays a foundation for the deicing research after icing on the blade surface of wind turbine.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM315;TB89

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