染料敏化太阳能电池高效稳定电解质及低成本对电极研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 18:14

本文选题：染料敏化太阳能电池 + 电解质　；参考：《大连理工大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：作为一种典型的第三代光伏器件,染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-sensitized solar cell, DSC)具有制作工艺简单、成本低、环境友好等优点,是最具发展潜力的太阳能电池之一。经过世界各国科研工作者二十多年的努力,DSC能量转换效率目前已达13.0%。但是,DSC还存在稳定性差、成本高等问题,制约了其产业化进程。为了解决上述问题,本论文以制作高效、高稳定性和低成本的DSC为目标,围绕开发新型高效高稳定性电解质和设计合成低成本对电极材料及其与器件性能间的构效关系展开系统研究,考察材料形貌和晶型对DSC光电性能的影响机制,并详细研究了非Pt对电极催化材料对电解质中不同氧化还原电对的催化性能。此外,利用海带这一生物质材料制备了DSC各关键组成部分,设计构建了全天然DSC器件。首先,我们开发制备了三种新型高效、高稳定的电解质：(1)通过溶液聚合法合成了高分子交联剂-聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc),制备了基于PVAc的拟固态电解质并将其组装成拟固态DSC。研究结果表明,拟固态DSC可达到与液态DSC相当的能量转换效率,并具有优异的长期稳定性。(2)将多种新型双乙二酸硼酸盐离子液体(BOB离子液体)作为添加剂引入液态电解质体系中,获得了8.73%的能量转换效率,并系统研究了离子液体结构对电池光电性能的影响机制。此外,将该类添加剂引入到纯离子液体电解质体系中,电池效率获得大幅提高,并展示出优异的长期稳定性。(3)研究了利用Ⅰ-/12-·作为氧化还原电对的无碘(单质)电解质体系。通过电化学方法证实了其可行性,系统研究了浓度、溶剂、光阳极及隔离层厚度对电池性能的影响,优化后获得了与传统电解质相近的能量转换效率8.82%,并证实了此种新型无碘电解质具有良好的普适性。其次,通过水热法合成了三种花状多级结构铁基氧化物α-Fe2O3、γ-Fe2O3和Fe3O4,将其用于DSC对电极,系统研究了形貌和晶型对DSC光电性能的影响机制。研究结果表明,三种氧化物中Fe304具有最佳的催化性能,优化后电池器件获得7.80%的能量转换效率,与溅射Pt组装的电池器件效率相当。利用生物质材料--松脂合成了C/Fe3O4复合催化材料,并将其应用于DSC对电极,研究结果表明：复合催化材料较复合前具有更佳的导电性和催化活性,组装的DSC具有更高的能量转换效率(8.11%)。再次,从海洋植物--海带中提取得到DSC所用的多种必要材料,包括染料、氧化还原电对和对电极。利用海带碳作为对电极组装的DSC获得了7.82%的能量转换效率。利用其生物质模板的特性,在低温下制备的海带碳/Fe304复合材料组装的DSC对比复合前能量转换效率提高了24.2%。最后,构建的全天然DSC器件也获得了较高的能量转换效率。最后,通过多种电化学方法,系统研究了对电极催化材料对有机氧化还原电对(T-/T2, Co2+/Co3+)的催化性能。研究结果表明,一些非Pt类催化材料,如OMC-WC、WC、 TiC、NbO2等均在上述电对体系中表现出优于Pt的催化性能,使相应DSC的效率得到大幅提高。
[Abstract]:As a typical third generation of photovoltaic devices, the dye sensitized solar cell (Dye-sensitized solar cell, DSC) is one of the most potential solar cells with the advantages of simple manufacturing process, low cost and friendly environment. After more than 20 years' efforts by scientific researchers all over the world, the efficiency of DSC energy conversion has reached 13.0%.. However, DSC still exists the problem of poor stability and high cost, which restricts the process of industrialization. In order to solve the above problems, this paper aims at making high efficiency, high stability and low cost DSC as the goal. The development of a new high efficient and high stability electrolyte and the design and synthesis of low cost electrode materials and their performance relationship with the device performance are carried out in this paper. The influence mechanism of material morphology and crystal type on DSC photoelectric properties was investigated systematically, and the catalytic performance of non Pt electrode catalysts for different redox electric pairs in electrolytes was studied in detail. In addition, the key components of DSC were prepared by the material materials of kelp, and all natural DSC devices were designed and constructed.
First, we have developed three new highly efficient and highly stable electrolytes: (1) the polymer crosslinker polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) was synthesized by solution polymerization. A quasi solid state electrolyte based on PVAc was prepared and assembled into a pseudo solid DSC.. The results showed that the quasi solid DSC could achieve the equivalent energy conversion efficiency with the liquid DSC. It has excellent long-term stability. (2) a variety of new diethylene diacid borate ionic liquids (BOB ionic liquids) are introduced into liquid electrolyte as additives, and 8.73% energy conversion efficiency is obtained. The influence mechanism of ionic liquid structure on the photoelectric properties of batteries is systematically studied. In addition, this kind of additive is introduced to pure separation. In the subliquid electrolyte system, the efficiency of the battery was greatly improved and the long-term stability was demonstrated. (3) the iodized (single) electrolyte system using I -/12- as a redox pair was studied. The feasibility was confirmed by the electrochemical method. The performance of the battery was systematically investigated by the concentration, solvent, photo anode and the thickness of isolation layer. After optimization, the energy conversion efficiency of 8.82% is similar to that of the traditional electrolyte, and it is proved that the new iodine free electrolyte has good universality.
Secondly, three kinds of flower like multistage structure iron based oxides alpha -Fe2O3, gamma -Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The influence mechanism of morphology and crystal shape on the photoelectric properties of DSC was studied systematically. The results showed that Fe304 had the best catalytic properties in the three oxides, and the battery devices obtained 7.80% energy conversion after optimization. The efficiency is equal to the efficiency of the battery device assembled by sputtering Pt. Using the biomass material - rosin grease, the C/Fe3O4 composite catalytic material is synthesized and applied to the DSC pair electrode. The results show that the composite catalytic material has better conductivity and catalytic activity than the composite catalyst, and the assembled DSC has a higher energy conversion efficiency (8.11%).
Again, a variety of necessary materials for DSC are extracted from marine plants and kelp, including dyestuffs, redox electric pairs and pair electrodes. The energy conversion efficiency of the DSC was obtained by using kelp carbon as the electrode assembled by the electrode. Using the properties of its biomass template, the DSC comparison of the carbon /Fe304 Composites assembled at low temperature was prepared at low temperature. The efficiency of compound pre energy conversion is increased by 24.2%.. Finally, the whole natural DSC device is also constructed with high energy conversion efficiency.
Finally, through a variety of electrochemical methods, the catalytic properties of the electrode catalytic materials for the organic oxidation-reduction electric pair (T-/T2, Co2+/Co3+) have been systematically studied. The results show that some non Pt catalytic materials, such as OMC-WC, WC, TiC, NbO2, are all superior to Pt in the above electric pair system, and the efficiency of the corresponding DSC is greatly raised. High.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4

【参考文献】