储能电源参与电力系统调频的需求场景及其控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 20:08

本文选题：频率调整 + 储能电源　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济发展,电力需求不断提升。伴随着全球出现的能源短缺和环境恶化,以风能为代表的各种新能源得到迅猛发展。然而风力发电的不确定性和波动性,以及传统机组的固有缺陷,使得电网频率的质量问题更加突出。近年来,在各种新型储能技术快速发展的基础上,具有“快速响应”及“精确跟踪”等特性的储能电源成为一种电力系统调频辅助手段,可满足电力系统的稳定可靠要求。首先,本文针对通过增加机组容量改善调频效果的可能性,基于情景分析法研究了储能电源参与调频的需求场景。通过阐述目前传统机组调频存在的问题和储能电源在调频应用上具备的优势,分析了储能电源参与调频的需求产生原因；并根据传统机组调频的工作过程和技术指标以及储能电源和机组的投资成本,设定了需求场景的影响因素。基于这些影响因素,以及现有传统机组调频动作不理想的表现形式设置了储能电源参与调频的需求场景及评价方法。在此基础上,就储能电源和机组参与调频的需求场景进行了仿真分析及比较,最终得出储能电源参与调频的必要应用场景。其次,针对调频的时间尺度要求建立了适用于调频的储能电源模型。在阐述了各种储能技术的特性基础上,建立了适用性评价指标体系；并通过主观赋权法进行权重分配,选出了适用于调频的储能类型。在此基础上,介绍了国内外常用的三种储能电源模型。基于这些模型缺点的分析,针对模型参数辨识复杂的问题,对锂离子电池综合模型进行了简化。通过灵敏度分析研究了储能荷电状态对主导特性参数的影响,并通过综合模型的逐步简化,提取了锂离子模型在不同时间尺度下的关键参数,最终分别提出了适用于一次调频和二次调频的简化模型。最后,基于提出的储能模型,研究了储能电源参与调频的控制策略。针对储能电源参与一次调频的控制策略,基于调频效果和储能荷电状态保持效果的偏好,分别对比了三种考虑荷电状态的控制策略,并总结了各方法的适用场景。针对储能电源参与自动发电控制采用区域控制需求信号按固定比例分配的缺陷,提出一种基于区域误差控制分配的储能电源控制方式。该方式直接将区域误差控制按比例分配给储能电源和机组,其中储能电源出力可跟踪频率偏差动态调整。通过两种控制方式的比较和储能电源出力比例系数α的灵敏度分析,就调频效果、荷电状态及机组出力情况等方面进行了分析。仿真结果表明所提方法在减少频偏和储能容量等方面具有优势,对储能电源参与二次调频控制策略的研究具有参考意义。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, the demand for electricity is rising. With the global energy shortage and environmental degradation, wind energy as a representative of the new energy has been rapidly developed. However, the uncertainty and volatility of wind power generation, as well as the inherent defects of traditional units, make the quality problem of power grid frequency more prominent. In recent years, on the basis of the rapid development of various new energy storage technologies, the energy storage power supply with the characteristics of "quick response" and "accurate tracking" has become a kind of auxiliary means of power system frequency modulation, which can meet the stable and reliable requirements of power system. Firstly, aiming at the possibility of improving FM effect by increasing unit capacity, this paper studies the demand scenario of energy storage power supply participating in FM based on scenario analysis. By expounding the problems existing in the traditional frequency modulation and the advantages of the energy storage power supply in the application of frequency modulation, the reasons for the demand of the energy storage power supply to participate in the frequency modulation are analyzed. According to the working process and technical index of the traditional frequency modulation unit and the investment cost of the energy storage power supply and the unit, the influence factors of the demand scene are set up. Based on these factors and the unideal performance of the traditional FM operation, the demand scene and evaluation method of the energy storage power supply to participate in FM are set up. On this basis, the demand scene of energy storage power supply and unit involved in FM is analyzed and compared. Finally, the necessary application scene of energy storage power supply participating in FM is obtained. Secondly, according to the time scale requirement of frequency modulation, the model of energy storage power supply suitable for frequency modulation is established. On the basis of expounding the characteristics of various energy storage technologies, the applicability evaluation index system is established, and the types of energy storage suitable for frequency modulation are selected by the subjective weighting method. On the basis of this, three kinds of models of energy storage power supply used at home and abroad are introduced. Based on the analysis of the shortcomings of these models, the synthesis model of lithium ion battery is simplified to solve the complex problem of model parameter identification. The influence of the state of energy storage charge on the dominant characteristic parameters is studied by sensitivity analysis. The key parameters of the lithium ion model under different time scales are extracted through the gradual simplification of the synthesis model. Finally, a simplified model for primary frequency modulation and second frequency modulation is proposed. Finally, based on the proposed energy storage model, the control strategy of energy storage power supply participating in FM is studied. Aiming at the control strategy of energy storage power supply participating in primary frequency modulation, based on the preference of frequency modulation effect and energy storage state retention effect, three control strategies considering charge state are compared, and the applicable scenarios of each method are summarized. In view of the defect that the energy storage power supply participates in the automatic generation control using the fixed proportion distribution of the regional control demand signal, this paper proposes a control mode of the energy storage power supply based on the regional error control allocation. This method directly distributes the regional error control to the energy storage power supply and the unit according to the proportion, in which the energy storage power supply can track the dynamic adjustment of the frequency deviation. Through the comparison of two control methods and the sensitivity analysis of the ratio coefficient 伪 of energy storage power supply, this paper analyzes the effect of frequency modulation, the state of charge and the output of generating unit. The simulation results show that the proposed method has advantages in reducing the frequency offset and energy storage capacity, and has reference significance for the study of the secondary frequency modulation control strategy of energy storage power supply.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM732

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