无位置传感器无刷直流电机启动控制研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 18:12

本文选题：无刷直流电机 + 无位置传感器　；参考：《华南理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：无刷直流电机在直流电机基础上发展起来，不仅具有直流电机的调速性能，而且效率高、运行可靠、寿命长。其中应用最广泛的基于反电动势法的无位置传感器的控制方法是无刷直流电机发展的一个重要趋势。本文针对反电动势法在无刷直流电机静止启动过程检测不灵敏的缺点，提出了一种新型的启动方法。转子初始位置辨识阶段，采用三相绕阻导通二次定位法，把转子从未知的位置简单而有效地定位到目标位置，具有良好的稳定性。电机加速启动阶段，是反电动势法检测盲区，通过几拍的开环加速方法，使电机短时间内加速到反电动势法能够精确检测的转速阈值。在电机低速运行阶段，反电动势法检测不灵敏，通过定量和定性地分析不导通相反电动势与感应电势的关系，设计出感应电势过零检测方法，在电路实现上则巧妙地利用结型场效应管进行分压，利用合适的小电阻来增大感应电势，实验验证其过零检测准确度较高，，抗干扰性高，提高了无位置传感器无刷直流电机在低速状态的检测范围。电机高速运行阶段，则切换到反电动势过零检测。最后，搭建了以PIC单片机为控制器的无刷直流电机控制系统硬件平台和以MPLAB IDE为集成开发环境的无刷直流电机控制系统软件平台。通过软硬件控制平台，证明新型启动方法在恒负载条件下，具有启动快速性和低速运行稳定性和可行性。
[Abstract]:Brushless DC motor is developed on the basis of DC motor. It not only has the speed regulation performance of DC motor, but also has high efficiency, reliable operation and long life. The most widely used sensorless control method based on backEMF is an important trend in the development of brushless DC motor. In this paper, a new starting method for brushless DC motor (BLDCM) is proposed, which is insensitive to the detection of the backEMF method in the static starting process of brushless DC motor (BLDCM). In the phase of rotor initial position identification, the rotor is easily and effectively located from unknown position to the target position by using the three-phase turn-through secondary positioning method, which has good stability. In the stage of motor acceleration, the blind area is detected by the backEMF method. By using the open-loop acceleration method of several beats, the motor accelerates to the speed threshold which can be accurately detected by the backEMF method in a short period of time. In the phase of low speed running of motor, the method of backEMF is not sensitive to detection. By analyzing quantitatively and qualitatively the relationship between the non-conductive phase and inductive EMF, a method for detecting the zero crossing of inductive EMF is designed. In the realization of the circuit, the junction FET is skillfully used to divide the voltage, and the suitable small resistance is used to increase the induction potential. The experiment shows that the zero-crossing detection accuracy is high and the anti-interference property is high. The detection range of sensorless brushless DC motor at low speed is improved. Motor high-speed operation phase, switching to the back EMF zero-crossing detection. Finally, the hardware platform of brushless DC motor control system based on PIC MCU and the software platform of brushless DC motor control system based on MPLAB IDE are built. Through the software and hardware control platform, it is proved that the new startup method has the characteristics of fast start, low speed operation stability and feasibility under constant load condition.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM33;TP212

【参考文献】