量子点敏化太阳能电池的制备及其结构优化

发布时间：2018-04-27 01:06

本文选题：量子点敏化太阳能电池 + TiO2纳米棒　；参考：《常州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：将纳米技术引入光伏领域的第三代太阳能电池具有更高的理论转化效率，，并且能够廉价大规模生产，从而具有了比传统光伏器件更好的经济性和实用性。其中，量子点敏化太阳能电池利用了量子点材料的量子限域效应和多重激发等优异的光电性能而展现出巨大潜力。然而，此类电池的实际转化效率只有5%左右，离实际应用有着相当大的距离。另外，电池各组件包括光阳极、电解液和对电极并没有得到系统的优化，内部机理的研究尚在起步阶段。因此从电池机理到器件的研究具有非常重要的意义。本研究从量子点敏化太阳能电池机理入手，寻找制约光电性能的关键问题，然后通过对光阳极、量子点和对电极进行结构上的创新，提高电池的光电转化效率和长期的稳定性。首先，制备了CdS量子点敏化的TiO2纳米棒太阳能电池，并研究了其光电性能；通过对此结果的分析，进一步讨论了制约电池性能的主要因素，研究了制备条件对量子点形貌及其光电性能的影响；然后通过测试电池的电子传输时间与寿命，深入研究了沉积过程对电子注入与复合过程的影响；继而分析了ZnS处理对电子复合的抑制作用。其次，通过两步光沉积法将Ag2S量子点敏化到TiO2纳米棒的表面；研究了沉积过程对Ag2S量子点的影响，然后组装电池，并测试光电性能，从而找到了光沉积最佳条件。光电测试结果表明，Ag2S量子点敏化太阳能电池具有优异的性能，在100mW/cm2光照下达到了10.25mA/cm2的Jsc以及0.98%的光电转化效率。最后，通过电沉积法制备了石墨烯对电极，通过连续离子层吸附反应法制备CoS电极，并结合两种方法循环沉积CoS/GS纳米结构对电极。结果表明，CoS/GS电极中石墨烯的插入能够有效地控制CoS纳米颗粒的尺寸，从而表现出了优异的催化性能。同时，电极的电化学结果表明，石墨烯能够将电子迅速转移到负载于其上的CoS纳米颗粒，从而实现对电解液的高效催化。通过这种方法制备的CoS/GS纳米结构对电极为开发高效催化性能的对电极提供了有益的思路。
[Abstract]:The introduction of nanotechnology to the third generation solar cells in the field of photovoltaic has higher theoretical conversion efficiency and can be produced on a large scale, so it has better economy and practicability than the traditional photovoltaic devices. Among them, quantum dot-sensitized solar cells show great potential by utilizing the quantum limiting effect and multiple excitation of quantum dots. However, the actual conversion efficiency of this kind of battery is only about 5%, which is quite far from the practical application. In addition, the components of the battery, including photoanode, electrolyte and counter electrode, have not been systematically optimized, and the study of internal mechanism is still in its infancy. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the battery mechanism and devices. In this study, the mechanism of solar cells sensitized by quantum dots (QDs) was studied to find the key problems that restrict the photovoltaic performance. Then the photoanode, quantum dots and electrodes were innovated to improve the photoconversion efficiency and long-term stability of the cells. Firstly, TiO2 nanorods solar cells sensitized by CdS quantum dots were prepared and their photoelectric properties were studied. The effect of preparation conditions on the morphology and photoelectric properties of QDs was studied, and then the effect of deposition process on the electron injection and recombination process was studied by testing the electron transport time and lifetime of the battery. Then the inhibitory effect of ZnS treatment on electron recombination was analyzed. Secondly, the Ag2S quantum dots were sensitized to the surface of TiO2 nanorods by two-step photodeposition, and the effect of deposition process on Ag2S quantum dots was studied, then the battery was assembled and the photoelectric properties were tested, thus the optimum conditions for photodeposition were found. The results of photoelectricity measurement show that the solar cells sensitized by Ag2S quantum dots have excellent performance. The Jsc of 10.25mA/cm2 and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of 0.98% are achieved by 100mW/cm2 illumination. Finally, graphene opposite electrode was prepared by electrodeposition, CoS electrode was prepared by continuous ion layer adsorption reaction, and CoS/GS nanostructure pair electrode was deposited by two methods. The results show that the insertion of graphene into Cos / GS electrode can effectively control the size of CoS nanoparticles and thus exhibit excellent catalytic performance. At the same time, the electrochemical results of the electrode show that graphene can rapidly transfer electrons to the CoS nanoparticles loaded on it, thus realizing the efficient catalysis of the electrolyte. The CoS/GS nanostructure prepared by this method provides a useful idea for the development of high efficient catalytic properties of the counter electrode.
【学位授予单位】：常州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4

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