银纳米颗粒的制备及其对硅太阳电池性能的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 02:30

本文选题：银纳米颗粒 + 银镜反应　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：硅由于丰富性、无毒性和稳定性,是用于光伏的首选材料。太阳电池的薄膜化可降低电池材料成本,但是薄膜太阳电池对光的吸收较低,导致电池效率不高。硅薄膜电池中光吸收低的主要原因有两个方面：1.电池表面相当多的光反射损失；2.硅膜较薄而导致的透射光损失。在电池表面制备银纳米颗粒,利用银纳米颗粒的等离子体效应,增强对光的散射,从而增加光在电池里的光程,进而增加电池对光的吸收,提高电池效率。本论文主要包括两个部分：第一部分研究了用一次银镜反应和退火制备银纳米颗粒。该部分分为两组,第一组用一次银镜反应,通过控制反应时间制备不同厚度的银纳米薄膜,将已制备好的纳米薄膜在氮气中400℃退火1小时形成银纳米颗粒；第二组将用一次银镜反应制备的银纳米薄膜在空气中不同的电场强度辅助下350℃退火1小时形成不同尺寸分布的银纳米颗粒。第二部分研究了用二次银镜反应和二次退火制备银纳米颗粒。使用各种仪器(XRD、SEM、AFM、光散射仪以及紫外可见近红外分光光度计)对制备好的样品(银纳米颗粒)进行了结构、形貌和光学特性研究。使用太阳能模拟器(AM1.5)研究了银纳米颗粒的形貌对电池的光电转换性能的影响。得出以下结论： 1.从XRD研究结果可以看出,对于所有样品来说,在20=38.6°处都有一个很强的衍射峰。随着银膜厚度的增加,(111)晶面的衍射峰强度变强,表明银纳米颗粒的结晶度增加； 2.通过控制溶液的反应时间可以控制银薄膜的厚度,研究得出银纳米颗粒的尺寸随着银膜厚度的增加而增加； 3.前散射特性结果表明,20nm厚的银薄膜制备的银纳米颗粒的散射光始终较强,颗粒平均尺寸为130nm； 4.背散射特性研究结果表明,40nm厚的银薄膜制备的银纳米颗粒的散射光在大角度范围内(25°-90°)较强,颗粒平均尺寸为320nm； 5.透射光谱研究表明,较厚银薄膜制备的银纳米颗粒的样品的有较低的透射率。银薄膜的厚度为5nm时制备的银纳米颗粒有最高透射率,整个波长范围平均达到92%； 6.电流电压特性研究表明,将具有银纳米颗粒的玻璃片放在晶体硅太阳电池表面,电池电流密度从28.4mA/cm2增加到28.6mA/cm2,开路电压基本保持不变,电池效率从12.9%增加到13.1%。将银纳米颗粒直接制备在硅太阳电池表面,电池电流密度从28.4mA/cm2增加到32.6mA/cm2,电池效率从12.9%增加到14.4%。
[Abstract]:Because of its richness, innocuity and stability, silicon is the preferred material for photovoltaic. The thin film of the solar cell can reduce the cost of the battery material, but the absorption of light by the thin film solar cell is low, which leads to the low efficiency of the battery. The main reasons for the low absorption of light in the silicon thin film battery are two aspects: 1. a considerable amount of light reflection loss on the surface of the battery. The transmission light loss caused by the thin film of 2. silicon membrane is lost. The silver nanoparticles are prepared on the surface of the battery, and the light scattering is enhanced by the plasma effect of the silver nanoparticles. Thus the light path in the battery is increased, and then the absorption of light in the battery is increased and the efficiency of the battery is increased.
This paper mainly consists of two parts: the first part studies the preparation of silver nanoparticles by one silver mirror reaction and annealing. This part is divided into two groups. The first group uses a silver mirror reaction to prepare silver nanometers with different thickness by controlling the reaction time. The prepared nanometers are annealed at 400 C in nitrogen for 1 hours to form silver nanoparticles. The second groups of silver nanometers prepared by a single silver mirror reaction were annealed at 350 degrees centigrade in the air for 1 hours for 1 hours to form silver nanoparticles with different sizes. The second part studied the preparation of silver nanoparticles by two silver mirrors and two annealing. The use of various instruments (XRD, SEM, AFM, light scatterometer, and light scatterometer) The structure, morphology and optical properties of the prepared samples (silver nanoparticles) were studied by the ultraviolet visible near infrared spectrophotometer. The influence of the morphology of the silver nanoparticles on the photoelectric conversion performance of the battery was studied by using the solar simulator (AM1.5). The following conclusions were drawn:
1. from the results of XRD, it can be seen that for all samples, there is a strong diffraction peak at 20=38.6 degrees. With the increase of the thickness of the silver film, the intensity of the diffraction peak of (111) is stronger, indicating the increase of the crystallinity of the silver nanoparticles.
2. the thickness of silver film can be controlled by controlling the reaction time of the solution. It is found that the size of silver nanoparticles increases with the increase of the thickness of silver film.
3. the results of pre scattering properties show that the scattering light of silver nanoparticles prepared by 20nm thick silver film is always stronger and the average particle size is 130nm.
The results of 4. back scattering characteristics show that the scattering light of silver nanoparticles prepared by 40nm thick silver film is stronger in a large angle range (25 degree -90 degree), and the average size of the particle is 320nm.
The 5. transmission spectra show that the silver nanoparticles prepared by the thick silver film have lower transmittance. The silver nanoparticles have the highest transmittance when the thickness of the silver film is 5nm, and the average wavelength range is 92%.
The study of 6. current and voltage characteristics shows that the glass slices with silver nanoparticles are placed on the surface of the crystalline silicon solar cell. The current density of the battery is increased from 28.4mA/cm2 to 28.6mA/cm2. The open circuit voltage is basically kept unchanged, the cell efficiency is increased from 12.9% to 13.1%., and the silver nanoparticles are directly prepared on the surface of the silicon solar cell. The current density of the battery is from 28.. 4mA/cm2 increased to 32.6mA/cm2, and battery efficiency increased from 12.9% to 14.4%.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TB383.1;TM914.4

【参考文献】