铅炭超级电池的改性及制备

发布时间：2018-04-27 20:28

本文选题：铅炭超级电池 + 负极　；参考：《浙江工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年,铅炭电池和超级电池的研究己逐渐得到业界重视。然而,碳材料的研究还存在着一些问题。尤其是碳材料与铅粉混合均匀性差、结合力不理想以及引发负极析氢的问题。所以,碳材料的改性和加入方式是铅炭电池和超级电池的研究关键。本论文以碳材料和铅粉复合材料的制备和改性为出发点,采用不同的碳材料与铅粉进行复合得到不同结构的复合材料；采用XRD、SEM、TEM等方法进行材料结构的表征；采用三电极体系和LAND测试系统对材料进行电化学性能测试。研究内容如下：以改性的葡萄糖为碳源,通过液相包覆、高温碳化方法,制备C@Pb复合材料,以此作为铅炭超级电池的负极材料。XRD和TEM的表征,表明该复合材料表面的碳层包覆均匀,而且并不影响铅粉的晶型结构。CV扫描的测试,发现氧化铟和氧化铋都有较好的析氢抑制效果,其中氧化铟效果最佳,而且复合材料的比电容明显提升。通过LAND电池系统的测试,碳包覆的铅粉负极材料的初始容量有了明显的提升,而且充放电和循环性能上也得到了很大的提高。这归因于铅粉表面包覆均匀的碳层能够抑制铅活性物质的团聚以及减小铅活性物质在电解液中裸露的面积。针对上述的实验研究,采用析氢抑制剂氧化铟对石墨进行改性。以少量的葡萄糖作为粘结剂,将改性石墨与铅粉进行混合,通过高温烧结得到石墨/铅粉复合材料,以此作为铅炭超级电池的负极材料。XRD和TEM的表征,发现存在石墨特征峰,铅粉的晶型结构不受影响,而且铅粉表面覆盖有石墨片。CV扫描的测试,发现氧化铟抑制析氢的效果极佳,而且复合材料的比电容明显提高；该组装电池进行电化学性能的测试,结果表明电池的初始容量有了明显的提升,并且充放电和循环性能上也得到了很大的提高。原因在于铅粉间分散的石墨片,能够形成庞大的石墨导电网络结构,加速了电子传输。采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对铅粉进行改性,使之带上正电荷,并与氧化石墨烯(带负电荷)静电吸附,形成GOS@Pb复合材料,通过高温还原成GNS@Pb复合材料,以此作为铅炭超级电池的负极材料。XRD谱图说明复合材料有明显的石墨烯和铅粉特征峰。SEM和TEM的测试,发现该复合材料铅粉表面包覆着不规则的石墨烯,而且石墨烯并没有发生团聚现象。CV曲线的研究,发现添加有氧化铟的复合材料性能最佳,并将其组装成电池。通过电化学性能测试,结果表明电池的初始容量有了明显的提升,而且充放电和循环性能上也得到了很大的改善。主要原因在于通过静电吸附使铅粉和石墨烯相互杂乱的分散,提高了铅粉的分散性和利用率,相互连接的石墨烯片构成了一个庞大的石墨烯导电网络,加速了电子的转移和电解液的渗透速度,加快了硫酸铅和铅的转化。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the research of lead-carbon battery and super-battery has been paid more and more attention. However, there are still some problems in the research of carbon materials. Especially, the mixing uniformity of carbon material and lead powder is poor, the binding force is not ideal, and the problem of negative hydrogen evolution is caused. Therefore, the modification and addition of carbon materials is the key to the research of lead carbon batteries and super batteries. In this paper, the preparation and modification of carbon and lead powder composites are taken as the starting point, and different carbon materials and lead powder are used to composite to obtain different structure composites, and the structure of the composites is characterized by XRDX SEMTEM and other methods. Three-electrode system and LAND system were used to test the electrochemical performance of the materials. The contents of the study are as follows: Using modified glucose as carbon source, C@Pb composites were prepared by liquid phase coating and high temperature carbonization. The results showed that the carbon layer on the surface of the composite was uniform, which was used to characterize the anode material of lead-carbon super battery. The results show that both indium oxide and bismuth oxide have better hydrogen evolution inhibition effect, in which indium oxide is the best, and the specific capacitance of the composite is obviously increased. Through the test of LAND battery system, the initial capacity of carbon-coated lead negative electrode material has been obviously improved, and the charge-discharge and cycling properties have also been greatly improved. This is attributed to the fact that the uniform carbon layer on the surface of lead powder can inhibit the agglomeration of lead active substances and reduce the exposed area of lead active substances in electrolyte. The graphite was modified by indium oxide, a hydrogen evolution inhibitor. With a small amount of glucose as binder, the modified graphite and lead powder were mixed and sintered at high temperature to obtain graphite / lead powder composite, which was used as the anode material of lead-carbon super battery. XRD and TEM were used to characterize the graphite characteristic peak. The crystal structure of lead powder is not affected, and the surface of lead powder is covered with graphite sheet. CV scan test, it is found that indium oxide has excellent inhibition effect on hydrogen evolution, and the specific capacitance of composite material is obviously improved. The results show that the initial capacity of the battery has been obviously improved, and the charge-discharge and cycle performance has also been greatly improved. The reason is that the dispersed graphite sheet between the lead powder can form a large graphite conductive network structure and accelerate the electron transmission. The lead powder was modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which was positively charged and electrostatic adsorbed with graphene oxide (with negative charge) to form GOS@Pb composite, which was reduced to GNS@Pb composite at high temperature. The results showed that the composite had obvious graphene and lead powder characteristic peak. SEM and TEM. It was found that the composite lead powder was covered with irregular graphene on the surface. Moreover, the agglomeration of graphene was not observed. It was found that the composite with indium oxide had the best properties and assembled into a battery. The results of electrochemical performance test show that the initial capacity of the battery has been obviously improved, and the charge-discharge and cycling performance has also been greatly improved. The main reason lies in the dispersion of lead powder and graphene by electrostatic adsorption, which improves the dispersion and utilization ratio of lead powder. The graphene sheets connected with each other form a large graphene conductive network. It accelerates electron transfer and electrolyte permeation, and accelerates the transformation of lead sulfate and lead.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM912

【参考文献】