液相沉积法制备染料敏化太阳能电池及其光电性能的研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 07:24

  本文选题：染料敏化太阳能电池 + 液相沉积　； 参考：《东华大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSCs)以光电转换效率高、制备工艺简单、价格低廉等优点引起了各国研究者的高度关注。为了拓宽染料敏化太阳能电池的应用领域,早日进入工业化生产,科学家们尝试使用更简便、节能、高效的方法制备DSSCs,同时也有科学家们尝试利用轻便可弯折的柔性导电基板代替重量大、易破碎、昂贵的镀有铟锡金属氧化物导电层的玻璃来制备柔性DSSCs。目前制备染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的方法有刮涂法和丝网印刷法,他们将分散有TiO2和粘结剂的浆料通过刮涂或丝网印刷的方法涂覆在导电基底上,随后通过高温煅烧去除粘结剂,留下TiO2多孔薄膜,再通过TiCl4稀溶液等来修饰,使TiO2网络连接更紧密。去除粘结剂的同时会使TiO2多孔薄膜产生大量裂纹,使TiO2颗粒间的连接性不好,内阻增大；其次,电极必须经过烧结以去除粘结剂并提高导电层与多孔层、多孔层内部TiO2晶粒的连接性。 本论文提出了一种制备DSSCs光阳极的制备方法,液相沉积法：将导电玻璃浸泡在含Ti溶液中,加热促进水解,直接在导电玻璃表面形成一定厚度的光阳极。 (1)以液相沉积法,60℃下在FTO导电玻璃基底上直接制备了颗粒大小为300-400nm,比表面积为152m2g-1的TiO2多孔薄膜,经高温烧结,敏化后作为染料敏化太阳能电池的光阳极,并进行组装测试,同时比较了不同基底预处理方式对电池性能的影响。结果表明,当采用溶胶作为晶种层旋涂在FTO导电玻璃上时,再沉积Ti02多孔薄膜,烧结、敏化后组装成染料敏化太阳能电池,其光电转换效率最高达4.39%。 (2)为了进一步提高电池性能,我们设计一种梯度结构的光阳极,其中包括颗粒尺寸较大、薄膜孔径较大、比表面积较小的薄膜I,和颗粒尺寸较小、薄膜孔径较小、比表面积较大的薄膜Ⅱ。采用氧化钛溶胶对导电玻璃表面处理后,将旋涂有晶种层的基底放置在沉积溶液中,先以80℃为沉积温度,后以60℃为沉积温度,制备出具有梯度结构的光阳极,烧结、敏化后封装成染料敏化太阳能电池,最终光电转换效率平均为6.35%,最高为6.51%。 (3)采用钛箔为基底,将其表面氧化为三维网络结构的Ti/TiO2薄膜,在通过80℃和60℃两种温度分别沉积氧化钛,得到梯度结构的光阳极,烧结、敏化后封装成染料敏化太阳能电池并测试其性能,并比较了不同基底预处理方式对电池性能的影响。结果表明,当对钛箔进行预处理使其表面具有三维网络结构后,再沉积梯度结构TiO2薄膜,得到的柔性DSSCs光电转换效率最高为3.09%。
[Abstract]:Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCss) have attracted much attention from researchers all over the world because of their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, simple preparation process and low cost. In order to broaden the application field of dye sensitized solar cells and to enter industrial production at an early date, scientists try to use them more easily and save energy. At the same time, some scientists try to use flexible flexible conductive substrate instead of large weight, easy to break, expensive glass coated with indium tin metal oxide conductive layer to prepare flexible DSSCs. At present, the methods of preparing dye sensitized solar cell photoanode are scraping method and screen printing method. They coated the paste with TiO2 and binder on the conductive substrate by scraping or screen printing. Then the binder is removed by high temperature calcination, TiO2 porous film is left, and then modified by TiCl4 dilute solution, so that the TiO2 network is connected more closely. Removal of binder at the same time will lead to a large number of cracks in TiO2 porous film, resulting in poor connectivity between TiO2 particles and increased internal resistance. Secondly, the electrode must be sintered to remove binder and improve the conductive layer and porous layer. Connectivity of TiO2 grains in porous layer. In this paper, a preparation method of DSSCs photoanode was proposed. The method of liquid phase deposition was as follows: the conductive glass was immersed in Ti solution, heated to promote hydrolysis, and a certain thickness of photoanode was formed directly on the surface of conductive glass. 1) the porous TiO2 thin films with particle size of 300-400nm and specific surface area of 152m2g-1 were directly prepared on FTO conductive glass substrate by liquid phase deposition at 60 鈩，

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