全球价值链下中国光伏产业升级路径的探讨

发布时间：2018-05-01 16:28

本文选题：全球价值链 + 中国光伏产业　；参考：《南京大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：经济全球化的背景下,环境问题日趋紧张,深化能源体制改革迫在“煤”睫。作为新能源产业重要构成的光伏产业将是中国应对能源危机,提升经济开放度的重要支撑。中国的光伏产业有别于普遍性的加工制造业,其较早参与全球价值链,形成的产业价值链相对完整,产业整体快速发展。2012年遭遇欧美“双反”以及欧洲各国削减补贴的影响,中国光伏产业陷入低迷。但随着下游应用环节启动,产业逐渐复苏好转。本文以全球价值链及价值链分工下产业升级理论为基础,通过对国家能源局、工信部等有关政府部门公开的数据、政策信息以及光伏权威机构研究报告、各公司公告、财报的研究等大量实证数据与资料的收集,运用价值链的分析方法对全球以及中国光伏产业价值链上、中、下游各环节发展现状进行研究分析,同时利用产业集中度指标、技术链分析对我国光伏产业价值链目前情况同全球价值链下光伏产业情况作横向比较,并与本国往年发展情况作纵向比较,着重关注2011年欧美“双反”之后全球及我国光伏发展的情况以及2013年起我国推进分布式发电的进度。研究代表性企业价值链分布及盈利情况,微观角度说明目前产业现状。结合政策导向角度分析中国光伏产业的内外环境以及国际贸易政策、产业政策变动对中国光伏产业发展的影响与启示,发现产业发展过程中主要存在上游多晶硅环节对外依存度高,开工企业少,技术水平停滞；中游产品出口比例大,易受贸易摩擦冲击；过热发展,产能过剩伴随始终,过度扩张,中下游环节企业竞争加剧等问题。借鉴他国相关有效的产业政策,结合我国近期密集的有关光伏产业政策变动和分布式发展推进,在所有研究的基础上进一步明确中国光伏产业的升级路径。特别研究如何在应用环节进一步升级,推升分布式电站投资运营尤其是家庭式发电系统的普及度,为产业、政府、金融机构、企业层面提供理论依据与政策建议。总体而言中国光伏产业需要在上游技术突破,中游保持份额,下游进一步延伸,重点推进分布式发展的基础上保持集中式电站的建设量,协调区域平衡,扩大内需同开拓新兴海外市场并行。建构成熟的商业模式,早日实现用户侧上网平价,促进能源体制改革,最终施惠于民。
[Abstract]:Under the background of economic globalization, environmental problems are becoming increasingly tense, and deepening the reform of energy system is pressing on coal. As an important component of new energy industry, photovoltaic industry will be an important support for China to deal with the energy crisis and promote economic openness. The photovoltaic industry in China is different from the universal processing manufacturing industry in that it took part in the global value chain earlier, resulting in relatively complete industrial value chain and rapid development of the industry as a whole. In 2012, the photovoltaic industry was affected by the "double reaction" from Europe and the United States, as well as by the reduction of subsidies in European countries. China's photovoltaic industry is in the doldrums. But along with downstream application link starts, the industry recovers gradually to turn for the better. Based on the theory of industrial upgrading under the global value chain and the division of labor in the value chain, this paper makes a public announcement on the data, policy information and research reports of the relevant government departments, such as the State Energy Administration, the Ministry of Industry and Information, and the Photovoltaic Authority. Collecting a large number of empirical data and data, using the value chain analysis method to study and analyze the current development situation of the global and Chinese PV industry value chain, and using the industry concentration index at the same time. The technological chain analysis compares the current situation of PV industry value chain in China with that of photovoltaic industry under global value chain horizontally, and makes a longitudinal comparison with the development of China in previous years. This paper focuses on the global and Chinese photovoltaic development in 2011 and the progress of distributed generation in China since 2013. This paper studies the distribution of value chain and profit of representative enterprises, and explains the present situation of industry from micro point of view. This paper analyzes the influence and enlightenment of China's photovoltaic industry on the development of China's photovoltaic industry from the perspective of policy guidance, including the internal and external environment of China's photovoltaic industry and the international trade policy. We found that in the process of industrial development, there are mainly upstream polysilicon links with high degree of external dependence, few enterprises under construction, stagnant technology level; large proportion of products exported in the middle reaches, which are vulnerable to trade frictions; overheating and development; overcapacity always accompanied. Excessive expansion, the middle and lower reaches of the enterprise competition intensified and other problems. Based on the relevant effective industrial policies of other countries and the recent intensive policy changes and distributed development of photovoltaic industry in China, the upgrading path of China's photovoltaic industry is further clarified on the basis of all the studies. In particular, it studies how to further upgrade the application links, promote the popularity of distributed power station investment and operation, especially the family power generation system, and provide theoretical basis and policy recommendations for industry, government, financial institutions and enterprises. In general, China's photovoltaic industry needs to maintain the amount of centralized power plant construction and coordinate regional balance on the basis of technological breakthroughs in the upper reaches, share in the middle reaches, further extension of the downstream, and emphasis on promoting distributed development. Expanding domestic demand goes hand in hand with opening up emerging overseas markets. Build a mature business model, realize the parity of user-side access at an early date, promote the reform of energy system, and finally benefit the people.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F426.61

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