基于太阳能光热发电的脉冲式工作微型蒸汽发电机的研制

发布时间：2018-05-03 01:08

  本文选题：热电转换 + 蒸汽机　； 参考：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：太阳能是清洁的可再生能源,它的利用对社会的进步与发展有着重要的意义。太阳能蒸汽发电机具有造价经济、高吸热量、清洁等一系列优点,因此蒸汽发电机是重要可行的热电转换方法。但传统的蒸汽发电机热电转换效率较低,影响了热能的利用。由于强制循环蒸发系统蒸发效率高,因此脉冲式微型蒸汽发电技术在实际应用是高效可行的热电转换方式。本文介绍了基于强制循环的脉冲式微型蒸汽发电技术,利用强制循环进行了热电转换实验研究。系统主要包括了蒸汽发生器、定量强制注水系统、涡轮发电机、强制控制系统和密封系统。首先,对脉冲式工作微型蒸汽发电机的原理进行了研究。主要研究了脉冲式工作微型蒸汽发电机的循环原理,并研究了改变初始条件对蒸汽发电机的效率影响。对脉冲式蒸汽发电机和沉浸式蒸汽发电机进行对比,得出脉冲式工作蒸汽发电机比沉浸式蒸汽发电机有更高的热电转换效率。并对脉冲式蒸汽发电机的性能进行了计算。同时对蒸汽发生器的设计原理和涡轮的设计原理进行了研究。其次,研发了一套基于强制循环原理的脉冲式工作的微型蒸汽发电机并搭建了相应的实验控制系统和效率测试系统。包括蒸汽发生器的设计和加工、定量强制注水系统的搭建与测试、涡轮的设计与加工、强制控制系统的搭建和密封系统的设计。最后,开展了蒸汽势能转换效率和热电转换效率的实验研究。实验测试了水量、加热功率、启动温度和气压对蒸汽发电机的效率影响。结合实验,考虑本文蒸汽发电机的具体参数设计和实验室测试条件,最终确定了本文研制的脉冲式微型蒸汽发电机在实验室条件下最佳运行参数为3k W的加热功率,50mL的注水量和200℃的启动温度。在该参数下蒸汽发电机的势能转换效率为45%,平均发电效率为13.3%。实验表明:基于强制循环的脉冲式微型蒸汽系统实现了热电转换,为小型太阳能光热发电开辟了一种可行的途径。
[Abstract]:Solar energy is a clean renewable energy, its utilization is of great significance to the progress and development of society. Solar steam generator has a series of advantages, such as cost economy, high heat absorption, cleaning and so on, so steam generator is an important and feasible method of thermoelectric conversion. However, the traditional steam generator thermoelectric conversion efficiency is low, which affects the utilization of heat energy. Because the evaporation efficiency of forced circulation evaporation system is high, pulse micro steam power generation technology is an efficient and feasible way of thermoelectric conversion in practice. In this paper, the pulse micro steam power generation technology based on forced cycle is introduced, and the experimental study of thermoelectric conversion is carried out by using the forced cycle. The system mainly includes steam generator, quantitative forced water injection system, turbine generator, forced control system and sealing system. Firstly, the principle of pulse working miniature steam generator is studied. The circulation principle of pulse working miniature steam generator is studied, and the effect of changing initial conditions on the efficiency of steam generator is studied. By comparing pulse steam generator with immersion steam generator, it is concluded that pulse working steam generator has higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency than immersion steam generator. The performance of pulse steam generator is calculated. At the same time, the design principle of steam generator and turbine are studied. Secondly, a miniature steam generator based on the forced cycle principle is developed, and the corresponding experimental control system and efficiency testing system are built. It includes the design and processing of steam generator, the construction and test of quantitative forced water injection system, the design and processing of turbine, the construction of forced control system and the design of sealing system. Finally, the experimental study of steam potential energy conversion efficiency and thermoelectric conversion efficiency is carried out. The effects of water quantity, heating power, starting temperature and air pressure on the efficiency of steam generator were tested. Combined with the experiment, the parameters design and laboratory test conditions of the steam generator in this paper are considered. Finally, the optimal operating parameters of the pulse miniature steam generator developed in this paper are 3 kW heating power of 50 mL water injection and 200 鈩，

本文编号：1836285