八达岭塔式太阳能热电站升温升压过程中过热器的寿命损耗研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 13:25

本文选题：太阳能热发电 + 升温升压　；参考：《华北电力大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来太阳能热发电技术已成为世界范围内可再生能源领域的热点,世界各国都在积极发展自己的太阳能热发电事业。为了探索低成本、商业化、大规模太阳能塔式热发电的技术途径,科技部在“十一五”期间设立863计划重点项目——“太阳能热发电技术及系统示范”,并由中国科学院电工研究所牵头建设了我国第一台塔式太阳能热发电站——八达岭塔式太阳能热发电站。八达岭塔式太阳能热发电站的吸热器为腔式吸热器,其作用是将太阳能的光能转化为水工质携带的热能,吸热器是塔式太阳能热发电站的关键部件,它的寿命及运行性能直接影响到电站的安全和运行效率。由于昼夜交替、天气变化以及云遮的存在,太阳能吸热器相对于常规电站锅炉来说要频繁的经历启停过程和变工况运行,这对吸热器的安全运行是一个考验。不同于常规电站锅炉,腔式吸热器的过热器和蒸发受热面(相当于锅炉的水冷壁)布置在同一个腔体内,故过热器与蒸发受热面的受热环境几乎相同,温度较高,在吸热器启动的升温升压阶段,汽包中产生的饱和蒸汽较少,对过热器的冷却作用极为有限,因此,很有必要研究一下吸热器升温升压阶段过热器寿命损耗量。本文利用弹性理论,计算了过热器管子由内压产生的机械应力；根据过热器管壁的工作原理,建立过热器管壁的非稳态导热微分方程和边界条件,并进行离散求解,得到过热器管壁的温度场,再由热弹性理论求得由径向温差引起的环向热应力；利用模块化仿真的方法计算了沿过热管长度方向上过热蒸汽吸热量变化率的分布；最后以八达岭塔式太阳能热发电站吸热器的过热器为研究对象,根据德国TRD301计算标准和罗宾逊法则计算得到了升温升压过程造成的过热器的疲劳寿命损耗和蠕变寿命损耗。本文的研究内容可以从保护过热器的角度,指导八达岭塔式太阳能热发电站的升温升压过程。
[Abstract]:In recent years, solar thermal power generation technology has become a worldwide hot spot in the field of renewable energy, and countries all over the world are actively developing their own solar thermal power generation. In order to explore the technical approaches of low-cost, commercialized and large-scale solar thermal power generation, the Ministry of Science and Technology set up a key project of the 863 project, "demonstration of Solar Thermal Power Technology and system", during the 11th Five-Year Plan. And the first tower solar thermal power station-Badaling tower solar thermal power station was built by Electrical Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The heat absorber of the tower solar power station in Badaling is a cavity type heat absorber, whose function is to convert the light energy of the solar energy into the heat energy carried by the water working fluid, and the heat absorber is the key component of the tower solar energy thermal power station. Its life and operation performance directly affect the safety and operation efficiency of the power station. Because of the alternating day and night, the weather change and the existence of cloud cover, the solar energy absorber often goes through the start and stop process and the off-condition operation compared with the conventional utility boiler, which is a test for the safe operation of the heat absorber. Unlike conventional power plant boilers, the superheater and evaporative heating surface (equivalent to the water wall of the boiler) are arranged in the same chamber, so the superheater and the evaporative heating surface are almost the same in the heating environment and the temperature is higher. In the stage of heating up and pressure rising at the start of the absorber, the saturated steam produced in the drum is less and the cooling effect on the superheater is very limited. Therefore, it is necessary to study the life loss of the superheater in the stage of heating and increasing pressure of the absorber. In this paper, the mechanical stress of superheater tube caused by internal pressure is calculated by means of elastic theory, and according to the working principle of superheater tube wall, the differential equation of unsteady heat conduction and boundary condition of superheater tube wall are established, and the discrete solution is carried out. The temperature field of the tube wall of the superheater is obtained, and the circumferential thermal stress caused by the radial temperature difference is obtained by thermoelastic theory, and the distribution of the heat absorption rate of superheated steam along the length of the superheater tube is calculated by using the modular simulation method. Finally, taking the superheater of the solar absorber of Badaling tower solar power station as the research object, the fatigue life loss and creep life loss of the superheater caused by the temperature rise and pressure rise process are calculated according to the German TRD301 calculation standard and the Robinson rule. The research in this paper can guide the heating and increasing process of Badaling tower solar thermal power station from the point of view of protecting superheater.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM615

【参考文献】