火电厂引风机变频节能改造的研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 00:13

本文选题：引风机 + 火电厂　；参考：《青岛理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济社会的快速发展,落实科学发展观,建设集约型、节约型社会得到了党中央、国务院和各级地方党委政府的关注和倡导,坚持节约资源、集约利用、保护环境已经成为我国能源政策的首要任务。随着国家电网的迅猛发展,电网对发电机组调峰能力的要求也随之越来越高,调节电厂机组发电能力,确保电力安全、经济运行,直接影响到电厂的效益和安全。目前国内许多发电厂对发电机组改造采用了变频技术,取得了较为理想的效果。火电厂的各类辅助机械设备中,绝大部分是风机和水泵类的机械设备,送风机、引风机、一次风机、烟道风机,这四大风机总耗电量约占机组发电量的2%左右,风机、水泵耗电量约占机组发电量的1%左右。对发电机组风机系统进行节能改造,蕴藏着巨大潜力。火电机组风机系统变频调速改造,国内一般采用智能控制、非智能控制这两种方式。目前,大多是采用智能控制方式,主要包括转差频率控制方式、矢量控制方式、恒压频比控制方式、直接转矩控制方式等。高、低压电机变频调速控制技术在火电厂的水泵和风机上节能效果尤为显著,节能的同时,还具备提高生产效率、延长设备的使用寿命等优势。本文就火电机组风机高压变频调速“高低高、高低低、高高”三个方案进行详细阐述。通过变频技术改造后,机组风机系统不仅节约能源,而且延长了电机设备使用寿命,保护了生态环境,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。本文针对莱芜发电厂风烟系统中引风机在常规控制方式下存在高耗电量、低效率的问题,采取变频装置多点平串联技术改造,使机组引风机功率单元串联,通过对逆变桥进行正弦控制,得到矩形波,波形正弦度趋好,减少了对电缆和电机的绝缘损坏。同时,改造过程中可以直接使用电机,无需替换,做到资源有效利用。通过开展引风机变频改造研究,莱芜发电厂风烟系统达到了性能改善和节能降耗的双重目的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid economic and social development of our country, the implementation of the scientific concept of development, the building of an intensive and economical society has received the attention and advocacy of the Party Central Committee, the State Council and the local party committees and governments at all levels, insisting on the conservation of resources and intensive utilization. Environmental protection has become the primary task of our country's energy policy. With the rapid development of the national power grid, the demand of the power grid for the peak-shaving ability of generating units is becoming higher and higher. The regulation of generating capacity of power units to ensure the safety and economic operation of power plants directly affects the efficiency and safety of power plants. At present, frequency conversion technology has been adopted in many domestic power plants. Of all kinds of auxiliary machinery and equipment in thermal power plants, most of them are mechanical equipment such as fans and pumps. The blower, the induced fan, the primary fan, the flue fan, the total power consumption of these four fans account for about 2% of the generating capacity of the unit, the fan, Water pump power consumption is about 1% of the generating capacity of the unit. The energy saving transformation of fan system of generating set contains great potential. In China, intelligent control and non-intelligent control are generally adopted in the revamping of frequency conversion speed regulation of fan system of thermal power unit. At present, intelligent control methods are mostly used, including slip frequency control, vector control, constant voltage frequency ratio control, direct torque control and so on. The control technology of high and low voltage motor frequency conversion speed regulation is especially effective in saving energy on water pump and fan of thermal power plant. While saving energy, it also has the advantages of improving production efficiency and prolonging the service life of equipment. In this paper, three schemes of high voltage variable frequency speed regulation for fan of thermal power unit are described in detail, which are high, low and high. The fan system not only saves energy, but also prolongs the service life of motor equipment, protects the ecological environment, and has good economic and social benefits. Aiming at the problems of high power consumption and low efficiency of induced fan in the wind smoke system of Laiwu Power Plant under the conventional control mode, this paper adopts the technology reform of multi-point flat series of frequency conversion device to make the unit fan power unit in series. By sinusoidal control of the inverter bridge, the rectangular wave is obtained, the sinusoidal degree of the waveform is improved, and the insulation damage to the cable and motor is reduced. At the same time, the transformation process can directly use the motor, no replacement, so that the effective use of resources. Through the research on frequency conversion of induced fan, the wind smoke system in Laiwu Power Plant has achieved the dual purpose of improving performance and saving energy and consumption.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM621

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