基于高频注入法的永磁同步电机控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 03:42

  本文选题：永磁同步电机 + 无传感器控制　； 参考：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,永磁同步电动机(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, PMSM)以其体积小、损耗低、效率高等优异性能在大功率传动领域得到了广泛的应用,永磁同步电动机的精确控制需要转子的位置信息,最常用的方法是在转子轴上安装位置传感器来测量电机转子的转速和位置信息。但是高精度、高分辨率的速度和位置传感器通常价格比较昂贵,这样不仅增加了整个系统的成本,同时还造成了接线的复杂,限制了驱动装置在恶劣环境下的应用。因此,研究永磁同步电机的无位置传感器技术具有重要的现实意义,它主要依据电机的数学方程间接估算转速和转子位置。其中,脉振高频电压信号注入法的系统结构实现相对比较简单,而且无需大量的坐标运算和数字滤波器。本文分析了脉振高频电压信号注入法的基本原理,建立了在高频信号激励下的内埋式永磁同步电机的数学模型。研究了基于脉振高频电压注入法的控制策略,采用脉振高频电压信号注入法估算PMSM的转子位置信息,利用电动机绕组所产生的相关电信号,通过设计的PⅡ控制算法估计出转子的速度和位置信息,设计了转子极性判断部分用以区分转子的N、S极,可以实现位置的准确估计。建立了基于脉振高频电压注入法的PMSM无传感器矢量控制系统仿真模型,对转子位置估计值与实际值、转子位置估计误差以及转速估计值与实际值进行了比较仿真实验,实验结果表明,脉振高频电压信号注入法能够在全速度范围内准确检测出转子的位置,同时使系统具有较好的静、动态响应特性。开发了以DSP为控制核心的PMSM无位置传感器矢量控制系统的实验平台,分别进行了软硬件设计,实现了永磁同步电机调速系统的无传感器运行。对控制系统进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,基于脉振高频电压信号注入的转子位置自检测方法可以实现无位置传感器运行,而且对电动机参数的变化不敏感,对外界的干扰也具有很好的鲁棒性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, PMSM) (permanent magnet synchronous motor) has been widely used in the field of high-power transmission because of its small size, low loss and high efficiency. The precise control of permanent magnet synchronous motor needs rotor position information. The most commonly used method is to install a position sensor on the rotor shaft to measure the rotor speed and position information. However, high precision and high resolution speed and position sensors are usually more expensive, which not only increases the cost of the whole system, but also leads to the complexity of the connection, which limits the application of the drive device in the harsh environment. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the sensorless technology of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which estimates the rotational speed and rotor position indirectly according to the mathematical equations of the PMSM. Among them, the system structure of pulse high frequency voltage signal injection method is relatively simple, and there is no need for a large number of coordinate operation and digital filter. In this paper, the basic principle of pulse vibration high frequency voltage signal injection method is analyzed, and the mathematical model of embedded permanent magnet synchronous motor excited by high frequency signal is established. The control strategy based on high frequency voltage injection method of pulse vibration is studied. The rotor position information of PMSM is estimated by the high frequency voltage signal injection method of pulse vibration, and the related electrical signals generated by motor windings are used. The speed and position information of the rotor are estimated by the designed P 鈪，

本文编号：1850662