高速永磁同步电机转子位置检测方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 23:42

本文选题：高速永磁同步电机 + 滑模观测器　；参考：《中国石油大学(华东)》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：高速永磁同步电机具有体积小,转速高,转动惯量小,功率密度大等特点,其转子本身就可以达到较高的转速,因此对于一些转速要求高的场合可以省去机械提速装置,减小系统振动和噪声,提高系统的动态性能和传动效率,有利于实现节能减排。目前国外对高速永磁同步电机技术实施技术封锁,国内没有自主知识产权的高速永磁同步电机产品,国外高速永磁同步电机完全垄断国内市场,因此对高速永磁同步电机的研究具有重要现实意义。本文针对高速永磁同步电机的特点,对隐极式高速永磁同步电机的数学模型进行了分析,在对常用的有位置传感器转子位置检测方法与无位置传感器转子位置检测方法分析的基础上选取滑模观测器法与PI模型参考自适应法进行了仿真,结果发现,滑模观测器法在保证其全速度域稳定性的前提下,对转子位置的检测在电机低速时存在很大的抖振,PI模型参考自适应法在电机低速时所检测的转子位置存在小幅振荡,电机高速时具有较大的延迟,影响了高速永磁同步电机转子位置检测准确度。针对上述问题,本文提出了模糊滑模观测器法与模糊PI模型参考自适应法,即应用模糊控制器分别对滑模观测器与模型参考自适应法进行了改进,应用Matlab\Simulink搭建了其仿真模型并进行了仿真,通过对所提方法与原方法的仿真结果的比较分析,证明上述两种方法分别有效的抑制了滑模观测器的低速抖振,减小了模型参考自适应法的低速振荡与高速延时,更适合高速永磁同步电机转子位置检测。为进一步验证所提方法的正确性与实用性,搭建了带有风机负载的4kW磁悬浮轴承高速永磁同步电机的实验平台,分别对上述两种方法进行了实验。通过对所提方法与原方法的实验结果对比分析,低速域500r/min时,模糊滑模观测器所检测的转子位置抖振明显小于滑模观测器所检测的转子位置的抖振,且在高速域20000r/min以上时仍具有较好的稳定性;模糊PI模型参考自适应法相对于PI模型参考自适应法,所检测的转子位置在低速域500r/min时振荡明显减小,高速域20000r\min时相位延迟减小。
[Abstract]:High speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has the characteristics of small volume, high rotational speed, low moment of inertia, high power density and so on. Reducing the vibration and noise of the system and improving the dynamic performance and transmission efficiency of the system are beneficial to the realization of energy saving and emission reduction. At present, the technology of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (HPMSM) is blocked in foreign countries, and the domestic product of HPM without independent intellectual property rights is not available in our country. The foreign HPMSM completely monopolizes the domestic market. Therefore, the study of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor has important practical significance. According to the characteristics of high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor, the mathematical model of hidden pole high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor is analyzed in this paper. Based on the analysis of common rotor position detection methods with position sensor and sensorless rotor position detection method, the sliding mode observer method and Pi model reference adaptive method are selected for simulation. On the premise of ensuring the stability of the full speed domain of the sliding mode observer method, there is a large buffeting and Pi model reference adaptive method for rotor position detection at low speed. There is a small oscillation in the rotor position detected by the Pi model reference adaptive method at low speed. The rotor position detection accuracy of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor is affected by the high-speed delay. To solve the above problems, fuzzy sliding mode observer method and fuzzy Pi model reference adaptive method are proposed in this paper. The fuzzy controller is used to improve the sliding mode observer and model reference adaptive method respectively. The simulation model is built by using Matlab\ Simulink. By comparing the simulation results of the proposed method and the original method, it is proved that the two methods can effectively suppress the low-speed buffeting of the sliding mode observer. The model reference adaptive method can reduce the low speed oscillation and high speed delay and is more suitable for rotor position detection of high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). In order to further verify the correctness and practicability of the proposed method, an experimental platform of 4kW magnetic bearing high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor with fan load was set up, and the above two methods were tested. By comparing the experimental results of the proposed method with that of the original method, it is found that the rotor position buffeting detected by the fuzzy sliding mode observer is obviously smaller than that of the rotor position detected by the sliding mode observer at low speed 500r/min. Compared with the Pi model reference adaptive method, the rotor position detected by the fuzzy Pi model reference adaptive method decreases obviously in the low speed 500r/min domain, and the phase delay decreases in the high speed domain 20000r\ min.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM341

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