蓄电池充放电的监测和控制系统

发布时间：2018-05-09 01:02

本文选题：铅酸蓄电池 + 监测　；参考：《杭州电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在当今社会经济迅速发展的背景下，汽车的发展和生产也在加速。不过，由于汽车所产生的污染物质导致了能源危机、坏境污染、全球的气温上升，这对保护环境和能源危机的压力日益增大。于是，对于绿色节能和减少污染排放是未来在汽车技术方面提升的主要方向，而电池的管理系统作为电动车中一个核心的部分，成为了以后对电动车领域发展的一个研究重点。如今对电动车的发展和研究提出了更高的要求，但解决电动车的主要问题是电池问题，所以对电池的保护和性能提升是关键的方面。本文首先通过分析了国内外在电池管理方面的研究现状，然后针对实际情况，设计了一种蓄电池监测和充放电控制系统。本论文是以12V/20AH铅酸蓄电池为研究对象，对铅酸蓄电池的原理和特性方面进行了解，得到影响铅酸蓄电池性能的一些因素。基于以铅酸蓄电池的性能和使用寿命为目标，通过对蓄电池实时监测的方法来控制对蓄电池的充放电，使蓄电池处于最佳工作状态，这有利于蓄电池的寿命延长。对蓄电池的监测方面主要包括有电压、电流和电池容量，因为在过/欠压或过/欠流充放电的状态下对蓄电池的性能方面影响较大。本文设定的剩余电池容量是低于45%时开始充电，高于70%时停止充电，这主要是根据研究的蓄电池型号的参数来设定的。另一方面，设定一个单独的均衡模块，此模块主要是为了当电池组内单体电池电量不一致时，均衡各单体电池的电量，而且能够使各电池在充放电的时候能够同时达到充放电的终止电压。不同的蓄电池的充放电要求不同。在这方面，随着蓄电池技术的发展，要求也会随之提高，本课题的设计实践，虽然只能在对一般要求的电动车方面的蓄电池能够很好的应用，但是总体来说，本系统采用模块化设计方式，通过主控制单元与各个模块协同工作能够在实际应用中很好的管理蓄电池的充放电，并通过对蓄电池的反复充放电实验，，能够使蓄电池的各项指标达到自己所设定的参数。但是对各个电路的设计并没有很好的创新点，希望在今后的电路设计中能够更好的设计出高效的电路来改善研究课题。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rapid development of society and economy, the development and production of automobile is also accelerating. However, the pressure on the environment and energy crisis is growing as pollution from cars causes energy crises, environmental pollution and rising global temperatures. As a result, green energy saving and reducing pollution emissions are the main directions of future improvement in automotive technology. As a core part of electric vehicles, battery management system has become a research focus in the field of electric vehicles in the future. Nowadays, the development and research of electric vehicle have put forward higher requirements, but the main problem of solving electric vehicle is battery problem, so the protection and performance improvement of battery is the key aspect. In this paper, the current situation of battery management at home and abroad is analyzed, and then a battery monitoring and charging and discharging control system is designed according to the actual situation. In this paper, 12V/20AH lead-acid battery is taken as the research object, the principle and characteristics of lead-acid battery are understood, and some factors affecting the performance of lead-acid battery are obtained. Based on the aim of the performance and service life of lead-acid battery, the charge and discharge of the battery is controlled by the method of real-time monitoring of the battery, so that the battery is in the best working state, which is beneficial to prolong the battery life. The monitoring of the battery mainly includes voltage, current and battery capacity, because the performance of the battery is greatly affected by overvoltage or overcurrent / undercurrent discharge. The residual battery capacity set in this paper is to start charging when it is lower than 45 and stop charging when it is higher than 70. This is mainly based on the parameters of the battery model studied. On the other hand, a separate equalization module is set up to equalize the power of each single cell when the battery pack is not in accordance with the charge of the single cell. And can make the battery charge and discharge at the same time to achieve the end of the charge and discharge voltage. The charge and discharge requirements of different batteries are different. In this respect, with the development of battery technology, the requirements will also be raised. Although the design practice of this subject can only be applied well to the general requirements of electric vehicles, but generally speaking, This system adopts the modular design method, through the main control unit and each module work together in the practical application, can manage the battery charge and discharge, and through the battery repeated charge and discharge experiment, Can make each index of battery reach the parameter that oneself sets. However, there is no good innovation in the design of each circuit. We hope to better design efficient circuits to improve the research topic in the future circuit design.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM912

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