微电网建模及其负荷优化分配方案研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 15:02

本文选题：风力发电机 + 光伏电池　；参考：《西南交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：过去的50年里,人类所使用的一次能源主要为石油、天燃气和煤炭等化石能源。从长远来看,以化石能源为主的经济已不能满足可持续发展的需求,人们必须尽快地进行能源消费结构的转型,尽可能地发展水电、太阳能、风能、生物质能等各种可再生能源。微电网将分布式电源、储能装置、控制系统和电力负荷集成一体,是未来分布式电源的主要运行模式。微电网系统的建模与仿真技术是微电网研究的起点,可为进一步深层次的理论探讨提供研究平台和验证手段。本文针对不同微电源的数学模型搭建了各自的仿真模块,参照各微电源实际相关数据进行仿真分析,同时考虑各自微电源的燃料成本,维护成本及排放成本,采用粒子群算法和遗传算法优化分配各微电源的有功出力,达到微网运行成本最低的目标。主要的研究内容如下： (1)利用Matlab搭建Savonius风力机仿真模型,进而利用永磁同步发电机搭建风力发电机模型,得到了在风速和空气密度变化下的输出线电压曲线,验证了风力发电机的输出电压主要受风速及风轮状态参数叶尖速比的影响； (2)导出光伏电池的工程用数学模型,在Matlab下进行建模仿真。分析了光伏电池在不同条件下(光照强度和电池温度)I-U、 P-U特性曲线,对光伏发电系统中的DC-DC升压变换器和PWM控制模块进行了分析设计,利用S-Function模块对电导增量法、扰动观察法和改进型扰动观察法进行了编程实现。给出了光伏电池发电系统的离网仿真模型和单相并网仿真模型,对之前的各MPPT算法进行仿真分析,验证了并网时大电网对光伏阵列输出电压起到了一定的稳定作用,保证了其电能质量,同时也验证了基于电导增量原理的MPPT算法能够很好地跟踪光伏阵列的最大输出功率； (3)对蓄电池的基本概念和基本特性以及铅酸电池的充电控制方法及常用的等效模型进行了概述,最后搭建了光伏储能系统的仿真模型； (4)以微电网总运行成本最小为求解目标,考虑到风力发电机、光伏阵列有功出力受自然条件影响较大,通常工作在最大功率点,两者的发电成本低,几乎无温室气体排放,因此优先安排其有功出力,并以柴油发电机、微型燃气轮机及燃料电池输出的有功功率为目标函数的寻优参数；探讨孤岛运行方式下基于粒子群算法及二进制遗传算法的寻优求解过程,分析两种算法的优缺点,给出了孤岛运行条件下微电网负荷优化分配方案。
[Abstract]:Over the past 50 years, primary energy used by humans has been fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal. In the long run, the economy dominated by fossil energy can no longer meet the needs of sustainable development. People must transform the structure of energy consumption as soon as possible and develop hydropower, solar and wind energy as much as possible. Biomass energy and other renewable energy sources. Microgrid will integrate distributed power generation, energy storage device, control system and power load, which is the main operation mode of distributed power generation in the future. Modeling and simulation technology of microgrid system is the starting point of microgrid research, which can provide a research platform and verification means for further theoretical research. In this paper, the simulation modules of different micro-power supply models are built, and the simulation analysis is carried out according to the actual data of each micro-power supply. At the same time, the fuel cost, maintenance cost and emission cost of each micro-power supply are considered. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are used to optimize the distribution of active power output of each micro-power supply to achieve the goal of minimum operation cost of microgrid. The main contents of the study are as follows: 1) Matlab is used to build Savonius wind turbine simulation model and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is used to build wind turbine model. The output line voltage curve is obtained under the change of wind speed and air density. It is verified that the output voltage of the wind turbine is mainly affected by the wind speed and the blade tip speed ratio of the wind turbine state parameter. The mathematical model of photovoltaic cell is derived and simulated under Matlab. The characteristic curves of photovoltaic cells under different conditions (light intensity and cell temperature) I-U, P-U are analyzed. The DC-DC boost converter and PWM control module in photovoltaic power generation system are analyzed and designed. The S-Function module is used to measure the conductance increment. The disturbance observation method and the improved disturbance observation method are programmed. The off-grid simulation model and single-phase grid-connected simulation model of photovoltaic power generation system are presented. The simulation analysis of previous MPPT algorithms proves that the large grid plays a certain stabilizing role on the output voltage of photovoltaic array during grid-connected. The power quality is guaranteed, and the MPPT algorithm based on conductance increment is proved to be able to track the maximum output power of photovoltaic array well. (3) the basic concept and characteristics of battery, the charging control method of lead-acid battery and the common equivalent model are summarized. Finally, the simulation model of photovoltaic energy storage system is built. Taking the minimum total operating cost of microgrid as the target, considering the wind turbine, the active power output of the photovoltaic array is greatly affected by natural conditions, usually working at the maximum power point, the cost of generating electricity is low, and there is almost no greenhouse gas emission. Therefore, priority is given to the active power output, and the optimal parameters of the objective function are the active power output of the diesel generator, the micro gas turbine and the fuel cell. The optimization process based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and binary genetic algorithm (BGA) is discussed in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of the two algorithms are analyzed and the optimal load distribution scheme for microgrid under the condition of islanding operation is presented.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM61

【参考文献】