PbS量子点及石墨烯复合材料在太阳能电池中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 03:38

本文选题：PbS量子点 + 异质结太阳能电池　；参考：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：太阳能电池应用前景广阔,现有太阳能电池存在明显的缺陷,开发一种新型太阳能电池材料势在必行。量子点材料和石墨烯材料具有特殊的光电性能,是太阳能电池新材料的研究热点。本文以研究PbS量子点材料和石墨烯复合材料在太阳能电池中的应用为出发点,分别制备了PbS量子点材料、石墨烯材料、石墨烯掺杂二氧化硅复合材料和石墨烯掺杂四氧化三锰复合材料,并系统研究了上述材料在太阳能电池中的应用。通过化学合成的方法,使反应物通过有机体系溶解成前驱体,混合后瞬间高温成核生长,然后迅速降温抑制产物继续生长。通过上述实验过程制备了PbS量子点材料,通过近红外吸收光谱、XRD、TEM等表征手段证明制备的量子点表面缺陷少,具有明显的量子尺寸效应和量子限域效应,粒径分布在5nm左右。将PbS量子点和TiO2纳晶薄膜制备成异质结太阳能电池,通过测试组装的I-V曲线,可知其效率达0.65%,并且用扫描电镜观察到所制备的异质结电池结构完整。以氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,通过水合肼热还原法制备出具有氧化还原催化性能的新型碳材料石墨烯(RGO)。并将化学性能非常稳定的二氧化硅掺杂入RGO中,制备成RGO/SiO2复合材料。将RGO和RGO/SiO2复合材料用刮涂法制成对电极,通过XRD,XPS,SEM测试手段考察了两种材料的微观形貌及增强机制,并用CV,TAFEL,EIS测试方法测试并比较了RGO及RGO/SiO2复合材料对电极的催化能力。将两种材料应用于染料敏化太阳能电池中,进行进一步的测试,其中采用RGO/SiO2对电极组装成的电池的光电转化效率达到4.03%。比较发现,通过掺杂Si02,电池效率提高了37.5%。将MnO2混合入GO中,加入水合肼,将混合物还原成RGO/Mn3O4复合材料。通过XRD,XPS,FTIR,SEM,TEM,氮气的吸附和脱附实验等测试手段确定了RGO/Mn3O4的物相组成和微观形貌,将不同比例的RGO和Mn3O4制备成RGO/Mn3O4-1、RGO/Mn3O4-2、RGO/Mn3O4-3对电极,并用CV, TAFEL, EIS测试手法比较了三者的催化能力。将三种对电极材料应用于染料敏化太阳能电池中,进行进一步的测试,其中RGO/Mn3O4-2对电极的电池效率最高,为5.90%,RGO/Mn3O4-1次之,RGO/Mn3O4-3最低。所有的实验过程均在大气环境中进行,并且制备成的对电极薄膜在组装电池时不易脱落,制备方法简单,具有广阔的应用前途。
[Abstract]:Abstract: solar cells have a wide application prospect, and the existing solar cells have obvious defects, so it is imperative to develop a new solar cell material. Quantum dot materials and graphene materials have special optoelectronic properties, so they are the research focus of new solar cell materials. In order to study the application of PbS quantum dot materials and graphene composite materials in solar cells, PbS quantum dot materials and graphene materials were prepared, respectively. The applications of graphene doped silica composites and graphene doped manganese trioxide composites in solar cells were systematically studied. By means of chemical synthesis, the reactants were dissolved into precursors through organic system, then nucleated at high temperature immediately after mixing, and then the products continued to grow under rapid cooling. The PbS quantum dots were prepared through the above experimental process. The surface defects of the prepared QDs were less than those of the QDs by near infrared absorption spectra, and the QDs had obvious quantum size effect and quantum limiting effect, and the particle size distribution was about 5nm. The heterojunction solar cells were prepared by PbS quantum dots and TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films. The I-V curves showed that the efficiency of the heterojunction solar cells was 0.65 and the structure of the heterojunction solar cells was observed by scanning electron microscope. Using graphene oxide (GOO) as raw material, a new type of carbon material with catalytic activity of redox was prepared by hydrazine hydrate thermal reduction method. The RGO/SiO2 composites were prepared by doping silicon dioxide, which has very stable chemical properties, into RGO. The RGO and RGO/SiO2 composites were made into pair electrodes by scraping method. The microstructure and strengthening mechanism of the two materials were investigated by means of XRDX / RGO/SiO2 SEM. The catalytic properties of RGO and RGO/SiO2 composites to the electrodes were tested and compared by CVT FELLE EIS method. Two kinds of materials were applied to dye sensitized solar cells for further test. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cells assembled with RGO/SiO2 was 4.03. It was found that the efficiency of the battery increased by 37.5% by doping Si 02. MnO2 was mixed into go and hydrazine hydrate was added to reduce the mixture to RGO/Mn3O4 composite. The phase composition and micromorphology of RGO/Mn3O4 were determined by means of XRDX, RGO/Mn3O4, adsorption and desorption experiments of nitrogen. The RGO- / Mn-3O4-1C / RGO-Mn3O4-2GROP / Mn3O4-2 RGO-Mn3O4-2 RGO-Mn3O4-3O4-3 electrode was prepared by means of CV, TAFEL, EIS. The catalytic activity of the three electrodes was compared by CV, TAFEL, EIS. Three kinds of counter electrode materials were applied to dye sensitized solar cells. The results showed that RGO/Mn3O4-2 had the highest efficiency for the electrode, followed by 5.90 RGOMn-Mn3O4-1 and the lowest for RGO-Mn3O4-3. All the experimental processes were carried out in the atmosphere, and the prepared counter electrode thin films were not easy to fall off when the batteries were assembled, so the preparation method was simple and had a broad application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM914.4

【参考文献】