超临界二氧化碳协助功能化二维石墨烯的制备及其在超级电容器方面的应用

发布时间：2018-05-16 15:07

本文选题：石墨烯 + 吡咯　；参考：《郑州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：石墨烯,由单层石墨构成,由于其优异的物理和化学性能,引起了人们的广泛关注。将二维的石墨烯组装构成三维石墨烯的宏观结构,便于石墨烯应用于环境能源与生物传感等相关领域。三维石墨烯不仅拥有石墨烯本身的特性,而且具有三维网络多孔结构,使得三维石墨烯拥有更高的比表面积,机械性能更强,更优异的电子传输。基于三维石墨烯功能化的复合材料制备与应用仍然是当前研究石墨烯的一个重点。然而单组分的材料有着本身固有的缺陷,纳米复合材料不仅具有单组分的性能,而且具有各组分之间的协同效应,赋予纳米复合材料许多独特的性能。超临界二氧化碳由于低粘度,高扩散性,零表面张力的特性,常被应用于纳米复合材料的制备。考虑到软物质理论和超临界二氧化碳的可调性,通过超临界二氧化碳的协助,制备可控的结构以及协助纳米粒子可控自组装是一个重要的研究领域。主要进行了以下几方面的研究:(1)我们成功制备了石墨烯/吡咯凝胶和碳管/聚苯胺基本单元,而后通过简单的方法制备得到三维多孔的复合材料石墨烯/吡咯/碳管/聚苯胺。当碳管/聚苯胺引入到石墨烯凝胶中时,不仅可以阻止邻近石墨烯片层的聚集,而且可以有效提高聚苯胺利用率,缩短离子的扩散路径,从而提高电性能,系统研究了苯胺单体浓度与复合材料电性能之间的关系。(2)以石墨烯/吡咯凝胶和碳管/聚苯胺为基本单元,通过超临界二氧化碳的协助,制备得到一系列不同的复合材料,通过FTIR,XRD,Raman光谱研究其结构的变化,并通过电化学工作站测试其电性能,探究超临界二氧化碳对复合材料结构和性能的影响,得到了性能最优的复合材料。(3)通过超临界二氧化碳的协助一步法成功制备了三维多孔的石墨烯/吡咯/碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料。电化学测试结果表明得到的复合材料的比电容可达400 F g-1是未经SC CO2处理得到的复合材料比电容的1.4倍,说明超临界二氧化碳是一个构筑多组分复合材料的有效方法,在制备新型功能化的电极材料用于质轻和柔性的能源储能装置方面,具有重要的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Graphene, composed of single layer graphite, has attracted wide attention because of its excellent physical and chemical properties. The assembly of two-dimensional graphene is made up of the macro structure of the three-dimensional graphene, which facilitates the application of graphene to the related fields of environmental energy and biosensing. Three-dimensional network porous structure makes three dimensional graphene have higher surface area, stronger mechanical properties and better electronic transmission. The preparation and application of composite materials based on three-dimensional graphene functionalization is still a key point in the study of graphene. However, the single component material has its own inherent defects and nanocomposites are not. It has a single component and a synergistic effect between each component, which gives nano composite a lot of unique properties. The supercritical carbon dioxide is often used in the preparation of nanocomposites because of its low viscosity, high diffusivity and zero surface tension. Under the assistance of supercritical carbon dioxide, it is an important research field to prepare the controllable structure and assist the controlled self-assembly of nanoparticles. The main research areas are as follows: (1) we have successfully prepared the graphene / pyrrole gel and the carbon tube / polyaniline basic unit, and then prepared the three-dimensional porous by a simple method. Composite graphene / pyrrole / carbon tube / polyaniline. When carbon tube / polyaniline is introduced into the graphene gel, it can not only prevent the aggregation of the adjacent graphene layer, but also effectively improve the utilization of polyaniline, shorten the diffusion path of the ion, and improve the electrical properties. The electrical properties of the aniline monomer concentration and the composite material are systematically studied. (2) a series of different composite materials were prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide with graphene / pyrrole gel and carbon tube / polyaniline as the basic unit. The structural changes were studied by FTIR, XRD and Raman spectra. The electrical properties of the composites were tested by the electrochemical workstation to explore the composite junction of supercritical carbon dioxide. The composite materials with the best performance were obtained. (3) a three-dimensional porous graphene / pyrrole / carbon nanotube / polyaniline composite was successfully prepared by the assisted one-step method of supercritical carbon dioxide. The electrochemical test results show that the specific capacitance of the composite material can reach 400 F g-1 without SC CO2 treatment. The composite material is 1.4 times more than the capacitance, indicating that supercritical carbon dioxide is an effective method to construct a multi component composite. It has important guiding significance in the preparation of new functionalized electrode materials for light and flexible energy storage devices.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332;TM53

【参考文献】